Table 1.
Studies and population characteristics
| References | Type of study | Location | Number/gender | Age (years) | Follow-up | Periodontal assessment | Intervention exposure | COPD diagnosis | Funding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhou et al. [33] | Cross-sectional | China |
306 210 M 96 F |
Mild: 65.5 ± 8.62 Mod: 64.4 ± 10.2 Severe: 63.1 ± 9.24 Very Severe:62.3 ± 11.0 | None |
Periodontal examination (PI, BI, PPD, CAL) and Number of teeth Diagnostic criteria not reported |
Poor periodontal health | GOLD Criteria |
ISTCRG NNSFC |
| Liu et al. [34] | Cross-sectional | China |
392 287 M 105 F |
Cases: 64.3 ± 10.1 Controls: 63.6 ± 9.7 | None |
Periodontal examination (PI, BI, PPD, CAL) Diagnostic criteria was: PD > 3 mm, CAL > 4 mm used to diagnose periodontal disease Interview re oral hygiene behaviours |
Poor periodontal health | GOLD Criteria |
NNSFC NSFB BSTPF |
| Agado et al. [40] | Randomised control trial | USA |
30 20 M 10 F |
UI:62 ± 7.76 HI:68 ± 7.20 Control:62 ± 8.33 | None | Periodontal examination (PI, CAL) Diagnostic criteria was: > 6 teeth and minimum mean CAL of 1.5 mm used to diagnose periodontal disease | Periodontal treatment | Not stated | ISUIM |
| Barros et al. [37] | Prospective cohort | USA |
1635 930 M 705F |
Events (No): 66.0 (5.13); Events (Yes): 63.9 (5.69) | 5 years | Periodontal examination (PPD, CAL)** | Periodontal health/edentualism | GOLD Criteria | GSK |
| Kucukcokun et al. [39] | Clinical trial | Turkey |
40 35 M 5 F |
Intervention: 61.8 ± 7.57 Control: 57.85 ± 12.09 | 1 year | Periodontal examination (PI, GI, PPD, BOP and CAL)# | Periodontal treatment | GOLD Criteria | NS |
| Zhou et al. [38] | Randomised control trial | China |
60 47 M 13 F |
Intervention: 63.9 ± 9.44, 65.3 ± 7.54 Control: 68.0 ± 7.64 |
2 years | Periodontal examination (PI, BI, PPD, CAL)* | Periodontal treatment | GOLD Criteria | NNSFC |
| AbdelHalim et al. [35] | Cross-sectional | Egypt |
250 250 M 0 F |
Cases: 56.75 ± 10.42 Controls: 55.28 ± 9.12 | None |
Periodontal examination (PI, BI GI, PPD and CAL)## |
Poor periodontal health | GOLD Criteria | NS |
| Baldomero et al. [36] | Case–control | USA |
136 136 M 0 F 56 had dental exam |
Cases: 66.8 (7.2) Controls: 67.5 (5.5) |
None | Oral health questionnaire & Periodontal examination (PI, BOP, GI, PPD and CAL)## | Poor periodontal health | ACP, ACCP and ATS |
NHLBI VACDA |
PI, plaque index; BI, bleeding index; BOP, bleeding on probing; GI, gingival index; PPD, probing pocket depth; CAL, clinical attachment level); N/A, Not available; QoL, quality of life; SGRQ, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; OHIP, 5-Oral health impact profile-5; GOLD, Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; ACP, American College of Physicians; ACCP, American College of Chest Physicians; ATS, American Thoracic Society criteria; NHLBI, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; VACDA, Veterans Affairs Career Development Award; GSK, GlaxoSmithKline; NNSFC, National Natural Science Foundation of China; NSFB, Natural Science Foundation of Beijing; BSTPF, Beijing Science and Technology Programme Fund; NS, not stated; ISTCRG, International Science and Technology Cooperation Research Grant, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission; ISUIM, Idaho State University Intra Mural
**JCDC + AAP-joint Center for Disease Control/American Association of Periodontology
#1999 AAPW-1999 American Academy of Periodontology Workshop guidelines
##AAPTFR- American Academy of Periodontology Task Force Report