Table 2.
DAMPs and PRRs that recognize menacing microbes.
| DAMP | PRR |
|---|---|
| HMGB1 | RAGE, TLR2/4 |
| Serum amyloid A | TLR1/2 |
| Fatty acids | TLR4 |
| Hyaluronic acid | TLR2/4 |
| Uric acid | NOD1/2, NLRP3 |
| ATP | NLRP3, P2XR, P2YR, NOD1/2 |
| snRNPs | RIG-I, MDA5,TLR7/8 |
| dsDNA | TLR9, DAI, AIM2 |
| Histone | TLR2/4/9, NLRP3 |
| IC | FcR, TLR9 |
| HSPs | TLR2/4 |
| Surfactant Protein A/D | TLR2/4 |
| Oxidized LDL | TLR4 |
| Defensins | TLR2/4 |
| RNA | TLR7 |
| LL37 | RAGE, TLR7/9 |
| S100 proteins | RAGE, NOD1/2, TLR4 |
| Reg111a | TLR4 |
| Lactoferrin | TLR4 |
TLR, Toll-like receptor; NOD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein; NLRP, NLR family, pyrin domain containing; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; snRNAP, small nuclear ribonucleoproteins; RIG-I, retinoic acid-inducible gene I; MDA, melanoma differentiation associated protein; DAI (ZBP1), dnadependent activator of interferon-regulatory factors; AIM2, absent in melanoma 2; HMGB1, high mobility group box-1 protein; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts; IC, immune complex; FcR, Fc receptor; HSP, heat shock protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LL37, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide.