Table 2.
Characteristic of included studies for assessing the Vitamin D Deficiency prevalence.
| References | Country | Study design | Latitude | HIV age (year) | Control age (year) | Male percentage | BMI | No. of HIV group | No. of control group | No. of VDD in HIV group | No. of VDD in control group | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ross et al. (29) |
USA | Cross-sectional study | 41°30′N | 49 | 38 | 80.9 | 26.19 | 149 | 34 | 69 | 10 | 0.076 |
| Adeyemi et al. (18) |
USA | Cross-sectional study | multicenter | 44 | 41 | 0 | 28.57 | 1,268 | 510 | 758 | 366 | <0.001 |
| Ceballos et al. (37) |
Chile | Cross-sectional study | 33°26′S | 31.2 | 33.3 | 100 | 24.44 | 70 | 21 | 46 | 10 | 0.139 |
| Currò et al. (35) |
Italy | Case-control study | 38°13′N | 43.2 | 41.5 | 59.8 | NA | 57 | 40 | 25 | 6 | 0.004 |
| Hidron et al. (32) |
USA | Cross-sectional study | 33°46′N | 50 | 63 | 88.5 | 26 | 933 | 5,355 | 495 | 2,062 | <0.001 |
| Hileman et al. (31) |
USA | Cohort study | 41°30′N | 40 | 37 | 69.3 | 26.65 | 47 | 41 | 33 | 32 | 0.405 |
| Janbakhsh et al. (28) |
Iran | Case-control study | 34°19′N | 40.11 | 45.59 | 87.2 | NA | 98 | 98 | 44 | 35 | 0.191 |
| Klassen et al. (38) |
Australia | Cross-sectional study | 37°49′S | 41 | 50 | 56 | NA | 997 | 3,653 | 398 | 805 | <0.001 |
| Mikula et al. (39) |
Poland | Cross-sectional study | 52°15′N | 44.9 | 56.6 | 73.9 | NA | 148 | 40 | 36 | 7 | 0.364 |
| Flauzino et al. (40) |
Brazil | Cross-sectional study | 23°30′S | 40 | 40 | 53.5 | 25.17 | 314 | 127 | 178 | 75 | 0.649 |
| Paul et al. (41) |
India | Cross-sectional study | 12°55′N | 38.45 | 38.6 | 100 | 23.13 | 70 | 35 | 39 | 13 | 0.075 |
NA, not available; N, north; S, south; P-value: for evaluating the difference in VD deficiency prevalence between HIV and control groups; No: number.