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Flow chart. *Modified from Chehroudi et al.79 BCG: bacillus de Calmette-Guérin; CIS: carcinoma in situ; GEM: gemcitabine; HG: high-grade; Ind: induction; LG: low-grade; LVI: lymphovascular invasion; MMC: mitomycin-C; RC: radical cystectomy; SIC: single instillation of chemotherapy; TURBT: transurethral resection of bladder tumor.
