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. 2021 Aug 19;15:713105. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2021.713105

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Copyright © 2021 Dunlap, Koukos, Chagnaud, Zakon and Bass.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Patterning of social acoustic signaling in the nocturnally breeding, plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) at multiple timescales, from day–night rhythms to call temporal properties. (Top) Courtship vocalizations exhibit an endogenous circadian rhythm under constant dark conditions. (Middle) Courtship vocalizations are suppressed under constant light (LL), but systemic delivery of melatonin analog (2-IMel) rescues their daily occurrence (circadian timescale), including their duration (single call timescale). (Bottom) Sagittal view of midshipman brain (rostral is to the left) depicting robust expression of melatonin receptor lb mRNA transcripts in evolutionarily conserved neuroendocrine and vocal networks, including the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH). From Feng and Bass (2016).