Phenotype of the WT and transgenic rice under the Tm treatment conditions. The growth of OE and Ri in liquid MS medium without (A) and with (B) Tm was observed over a period of 5 d. WT served as a control. A, Under normal condition, the lengths of the shoot and root were slightly different among the WT and OsFes1C transgenic seedlings. B, After treatment with Tm, the lengths of the shoot and root of OsFes1C transgenic seedlings were significantly shorter than those of the WT. C and D, Quantitative measurements of the lengths of shoots and roots of WT, OE, and Ri seedlings that treated with Tm in three trials. Error bars represent sd. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 (Student’s t test). E, Under ER stress, the UPR-activation indicators, such as BiP1, PDI2-3, and CNX, strongly accumulated in OsFes1C transgenic plants compared to the WT. Transgenic calli treated with Tm were used for the immunoblot. Anti-BiP1, anti-CNX, anti-PDI2-3, and anti-tubulin antibodies were used to detect the expression. The numbers below the strip represent the proteins expression level relative to WT as 1.0.