Table 1.
Recent studies reporting physical approaches that can improve the efficiency of MSC transplantation in ischemic stroke models.
| Physical approaches | Possible mechanisms | Animal model | Source of MSC | Research time | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypoxic pretreatment | Promoting cell homing by CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway. | Rat cerebral infarction model | Bone marrow (rat) | 2019 | Hu et al. [39] |
| Hypoxic pretreatment | Promoting the migration and integration of MSCs by PI3K/AKT and HIF-1α/CXCR4 pathways | Rat cardiac arrest-induced global cerebral ischemia model | Bone marrow (rat) | 2017 | Wang et al. [43] |
| Hypoxic pretreatment | Improving survival and inhibiting apoptosis by inhibiting of caspase-3 activation and increasing expression of HIF-1α | Rat cerebral infarction model | Bone marrow (rat) | 2017 | Chen et al. [41] |
| Hypoxia/reoxygenation pretreatment | Promoting cell migration and increasing their ability to rescue ischemic cortical neurons. | Cell model of cerebral ischemia | Bone marrow | 2015 | Kim et al. [42] |
| Hypoxic pretreatment | Promoting the expression of trophic/growth factors and improving regenerative responses. | Rat cerebral infarction model | Bone marrow (rat) | 2012 | Wei et al. [40] |
| p5 peptide loaded | Promoting survival of transplanted MSCs | Rat cerebral infarction model | Adipose (human) | 2020 | Paudyal et al. [49] |
| Three-dimensional aggregation | Promoting the migration and resistance to oxidative stress by PI3K/AKT pathway | Rat cerebral infarction model | Bone marrow (human) | 2019 | Yuan et al. [48] |
| Ultrasound-targeted microbubble | Promoting the migration of MSCs | Rat cerebral infarction model | Bone marrow (rat) | 2019 | Qian et al. [46] |
| Ultrasound microvesicle | Promoting the migration of MSCs | Rat cerebral infarction model | Bone marrow (rat) | 2017 | Chang et al. [47] |