. 2021 Apr 16;32(9):2383–2391. doi: 10.1007/s00192-021-04768-0

Table 2.

Primary (overt postpartum urinary retention) and secondary outcomes (overt postpartum urinary retention, catheterization, Apgar score and anal sphincter injury) for the two study groups (delivering women exposed or unexposed to pudendal nerve block) stratified for mode of birth (spontaneous or instrumental)

Spontaneous birth n = 674
	All n = 674				Pudendal nerve block group n = 268				Non-pudendal nerve block group n = 406				p value
	N³	n³	%	*95% CI*	N³	n³	%	95% CI	N³	n³	%	95% CI
Overt PUR¹	657	159	24.2	21.0–27.7	260	57	21.9	17.1–27.5	397	102	25.7	21.5–30.3	0.27*
Residual urine ≥ 1000 ml when overt PUR was diagnosed	138	17	12.3	7.3–19.0	50	3	6.0	1.3–16.6	88	14	15.9	9.0–25.2	0.09*
Residual urine ≥ 750 ml when overt PUR was diagnosed	138	43	31.2	23.6–39.6	50	15	30.0	17.9–44.6	88	28	31.8	22.3–42.6	0.83*
Catheterized after > 3 h postpartum	672	58	8.6	6.6–11.0	267	26	9.7	6.5–13.9	405	32	7.9	5.5–11.0	0.41*
Apgar score at 5 min of age < 7	674	5	0.7	0.2–1.7	268	1	0.4	0.0–2.1	406	4	1.0	0.3–2.5	0.65**
Anal sphincter injury	644	7	1.1	0.4–2.2	258	2	0.8	0.1–2.7	386	5	1.3	0.4–3.0	0.71**
Instrumental birth² n = 333
	All *n = 333*				Pudendal nerve block group n = 231				Non-pudendal nerve block group n = 102				p value
	N³	n³	%	*95% CI*	N³	n³	%	95% CI	N³	n³	%	95% CI
Overt PUR¹	328	168	51.2	45.7–56.8	229	123	53.7	47.0–60.3	99	45	45.5	35.4–55.8	0.17*
Residual urine ≥ 1000 ml when overt PUR was diagnosed	128	18	14.1	8.6–21.3	90	10	11.1	5.5–19.5	38	8	21.1	9.3–37.3	0.14*
Residual urine ≥ 750 ml when overt PUR was diagnosed	128	39	30.5	22.6–39.2	90	27	30.0	20.8–40.6	38	12	31.6	18.5–48.7	0.86*
Catheterized after > 3 h postpartum	327	58	17.7	13.8–22.3	227	43	18.9	14.1–24.7	100	15	15.0	8.6–23.5	0.39*
Apgar score at 5 min of age < 7	333	9	2.7	1.2–5.1	231	6	2.6	1.0–5.6	102	3	2.9	0.6–8.4	1.00**
Anal sphincter injury	312	7	2.2	0.9–4.6	216	6	2.8	1.0–5.6	96	1	1.0	0.0–5.7	0.68**

¹Catheterization within 3 h postpartum. ²Vacuum and/or forceps extraction ³N = numbers of women with valid information. n = number of women the presence of the given characteristics. CI = confidence interval. PUR = postpartum urinary retention. *Pearson Chi-square, **Fisher’s exact test