Fig. 2.

M-CoV infection resulted in differential regulation of oxidative stress-related genes in both primary astrocytes and microglia culture. Primary astrocytes and primary microglia were characterized by CD11b (for primary microglia) (A) and GFAP (for primary astrocytes) (E) from neonatal mice brain. M-CoV infection was confirmed in primary microglia (B) and primary astrocytes (F) by EGFP expression. Differential expression was plotted for Nrf2 (C), HMOX-1 (D) by Quantitative real-time PCR analysis upon M-CoV infection in primary microglia. Differential expression was plotted for Nrf2 (G), HMOX-1 (H) by Quantitative real-time PCR analysis upon M-CoV infection in primary astrocytes. The fold change in expression of both the genes with respect to the mock-infected set was tabulated in I. All the experiments were conducted with N = 4-5. Solid lines represented the means of mRNA expression. Asterix (*) indicated values that were statistically significant by student's unpaired T-test analysis for all experiments. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001).