Table 2.
Fixed effect of individual-, household- and community-level factors associated with SSC in Nigeria
| Variable | Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV | Model V |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual level factors | |||||
| Age group of women | |||||
| 15-19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 20-24 | 0.99 (0.64-1.51) | 0.99 (0.66-1.50) | |||
| 25-29 | 0.93 (0.59-1.47) | 0.98 (0.63-1.51) | |||
| 30-34 | 0.93 (0.57-1.51) | 0.99 (0.62-1.60) | |||
| 35-39 | 0.81 (0.48-1.36) | 0.90 (0.54-1.49) | |||
| 40-44 | 0.93 (0.52-1.64) | 1.02 (0.59-1.79) | |||
| 45-49 | 0.47 (0.23-0.96)* | 0.53 (0.27-1.06) | |||
| Educational attainment | |||||
| No formal education | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Primary | 0.98 (0.74-1.30) | 1.08 (0.82-1.42) | |||
| Secondary | 1.33 (1.00-1.76)* | 1.41 (1.06-1.86)* | |||
| Higher | 2.50 (1.68-3.72)* | 2.35 (1.57-3.50)* | |||
| Religion | |||||
| Christianity | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Islam | 1.83 (1.35-2.49)* | 1.11 (0.80-1.54) | |||
| ATR/others | 72.08 (24.68-210-57)* | 55.31 (20.18-151.63)* | |||
| Media exposure | |||||
| Has no exposure | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Has exposure | 0.93 (0.75-1.16) | 0.92 (0.74-1.15) | |||
| Total children ever born | |||||
| 1-2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 3-4 | 0.98 (0.76-1.28) | 0.99 (0.75-1.30) | |||
| 4+ | 1.13 (0.82-1.55) | 1.10 (0.79-1.52) | |||
| Health insurance | |||||
| Not covered | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Covered | 1.31 (0.75-2.30) | 1.13 (0.66-1.93) | |||
| Mode of delivery | |||||
| Caesarean section | 0.12 (0.06-0.21)* | 0.12 (0.07-0.22)* | |||
| Vaginal | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Place of delivery | |||||
| Health facility | 15.59 (10.41-23.36)* | 15.58 (10.64-22.82)* | |||
| Home | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| ANC visits | |||||
| No visit | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 1-3 visits | 1.54 (1.11-2.14)* | 1.46 (1.06-2.01)* | |||
| 4+ visits | 2.48 (1.81-3.39)* | 2.40 (1.78-3.24)* | |||
| Preceding birth interval | |||||
| <2years | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 2-3 years | 0.82 (0.64-1.06) | 0.82 (0.65-1.05) | |||
| >3-4years | 0.91 (0.69-1.22) | 0.90 (0.69-1.19) | |||
| >4years | 1.06 (0.78-1.43) | 1.01 (0.76-1.36) | |||
| First born | 0.96 (0.69-1.34) | 0.95 (0.69-1.32) | |||
| Birthweight | |||||
| Low birthweight (<2.5kg) | 2.16 (1.27-3.67)* | 2.10 (1.26-3.51)* | |||
| Normal (≥2.5kg) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Household-level factors | |||||
| Household wealth quintile | |||||
| Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Poorer | 1.49 (1.11-2.00)* | 1.09 (0.79-1.50) | |||
| Middle | 1.93 (1.39-2.68)* | 1.14 (0.78-1.67) | |||
| Richer | 3.12 (2.17-4.49)* | 1.38 (0.89-2.12) | |||
| Richest | 5.83 (3.84-8.83)* | 1.70 (1.04-2.79)* | |||
| Household size | |||||
| 1-4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 5-8 | 0.83 (0.70-0.99)* | 0.97 (0.77-1.21) | |||
| 8+ | 0.74 (0.58-0.93)* | 0.93 (0.70-1.24) | |||
| Community-level factors | |||||
| Residential status | |||||
| Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Rural | 0.89 (0.60-1.31) | 1.12 (0.74-1.24) | |||
| Geographical region | |||||
| North Central | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| North East | 6.31 (3.48-11.44)* | 11.52 (5.92-22.43)* | |||
| North West | 2.52 (1.48-4.32)* | 6.75 (3.62-12.56)* | |||
| South East | 0.22 (0.12-0.43)* | 0.18 (0.09-0.37)* | |||
| South South | 2.22 (1.25-3.94)* | 3.49 (1.85-6.61)* | |||
| South West | 0.77 (0.43-1.36) | 0.66 (0.36-1.21) | |||
| Community non-use of media | |||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| High | 0.25 (0.15-0.41)* | 0.35 (0.20-0.61)* | |||
| Community poverty | |||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| High | 0.67 (0.41-1.09) | 1.15 (0.67-2.20) | |||
| Community illiteracy | |||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| High | 0.48 (0.30-0.78)* | 1.03 (0.62-1.71) | |||
Model I – empty null model, baseline model without any explanatory variables (unconditional model)
Model II – adjusted for only individual-level factors
Model III – adjusted for only household-level factors
Model IV – adjusted for only community-level factors
Model V – adjusted for individual-, household-, and community-level factors (full model)
*Significant at p<0.05