Table 2.
Changes in glycemic metrics in COVID-19 and NO COVID-19 group in different time points
| Variables | COVID-19 group (N = 32) | NO COVID-19 group (N = 30) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time 1 (pre COVID-19) |
Time 2 (during COVID-19) |
Time 3 (post COVID-19) |
P | Time 1 | Time 2 | Time | P | |
| GMI, % | 7.1 ± 0.6 | 7.5 ± 0.8* | 7.2 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 | 7.0 ± 0.4 | 7.1 ± 0.5 | 7.0 ± 0.3 | 0.228 |
| Mean glucose, mg/dL | 160.2 ± 26.5 | 175.5 ± 32.6* | 168.2 ± 41.6 | 0.002 | 152.0 ± 19.9 | 153.8 ± 21.0 | 150.8 ± 16.6 | 0.192 |
| SD, mg/dL | 59.2 ± 13.1 | 68.6 ± 17.7* | 63.2 ± 20.6 | < 0.001 | 52.1 ± 9.4 | 54.1 ± 11.8 | 53.3 ± 12.6 | 0.342 |
| CV, % | 37.3 ± 7.1 | 39.6 ± 7.0* | 36.6 ± 7.5 | 0.031 | 33.9 ± 5.1 | 34.4 ± 7.1 | 34.8 ± 6.8 | 0.554 |
| TIR, % (70–180 mg/dL) | 60.1 ± 16.6 | 55.4 ± 19.2* | 59.1 ± 20.4 | 0.024 | 70.2 ± 9.3 | 69.9 ± 8.8 | 71.3 ± 8.9 | 0.202 |
| TAR level 1, % (181–250 mg/dL) | 25.8 ± 13.0 | 24.3 ± 9.5 | 22.9 ± 12.1 | 0.505 | 21.7 ± 8.2 | 22.2 ± 7.2 | 20.8 ± 8.1 | 0.434 |
| TAR level 2, % (251–400 mg/dL) | 10.1 ± 7.3 | 16.7 ± 12.9* | 13.6 ± 10.8 | < 0.001 | 5.4 ± 4.7 | 5.6 ± 4.4 | 5.1 ± 3.9 | 0.180 |
| TBR level 1, % (54–69 mg/dL) | 3.8 ± 2.9 | 2.7 ± 2.5 | 3.0 ± 2.6 | 0.071 | 3.0 ± 3.2 | 2.7 ± 3.1 | 3.0 ± 4.0 | 0.856 |
| TBR level 2, % (< 54 mg/dL) | 1.2 ± 2.5 | 0.8 ± 1.2 | 0.7 ± 1.5 | 0.165 | 0.8 ± 1.5 | 0.7 ± 1.4 | 0.5 ± 1.1 | 0.157 |
| Total daily insulin dose, U/day | 43.4 ± 15.5 | 52.4 ± 11.7 | 47.5 ± 10.4 | 0.229 | 40.3 ± 21.9 | 40.8 ± 20.6 | 40.8 ± 20.5 | 0.724 |
Data are expressed as mean and standard deviation
CV coefficient of variation, GMI glucose management indicator, SD standard deviation, TAR time above range, TIR time in range, TBR time below range
*P < 0.05 vs Time 1