Table 1.
Demographic, Clinicopathologic, and Risk Habits Data and Associations with HPV16/18 DNA
| Variables | OL group (n=101) | OLP group (n=59) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR-HPV Negative (n=81) |
HR-HPV Positive (n=20) |
No. of cases | P valuea | HR-HPV Negative (n=48) |
HR-HPV Positive (n=11) |
No. of cases | P valueb | |
| Age group | ||||||||
| < 45 years | 8 (88.9%) | 1 (11.1%) | 9 | 0.684† | 11 (84.6%) | 2 (15.4%) | 13 | >0.999† |
| ≥ 45 years | 73 (79.3%) | 19 (20.7%) | 92 | 37 (80.4%) | 9 (19.6%) | 46 | ||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 42 (79.2%) | 11 (20.8%) | 53 | 0.801 | 11 (84.6%) | 2 (15.4%) | 13 | >0.999† |
| Female | 39 (81.3%) | 9 (18.8%) | 48 | 37 (80.4%) | 9 (19.6%) | 46 | ||
| Tobacco use | ||||||||
| Never | 25 (80.6%) | 6 (19.4%) | 31 | 0.691‡ | 31 (81.6%) | 7 (18.4%) | 38 | >0.999†, ‡ |
| Ever | 40 (76.9%) | 12 (23.1%) | 52 | 3 (75%) | 1 (25%) | 4 | ||
| Unknown | 16 (88.9%) | 2 (11.1%) | 18 | 14 (82.4%) | 3 (17.6%) | 17 | ||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
| Never | 14 (87.5%) | 2 (12.5%) | 16 | >0.999†, ‡ | 20 (74.1%) | 7 (25.9%) | 27 | 0.394†, ‡ |
| Ever | 22 (84.6%) | 4 (15.4%) | 26 | 11 (91.7%) | 1 (8.3%) | 12 | ||
| Unknown | 45 (76.3%) | 14 (23.7%) | 59 | 17 (85%) | 3 (15%) | 20 | ||
| Clinical subtypes | ||||||||
| Homogeneous OL | 55 (78.6%) | 15 (21.4%) | 70 | 0.538 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| Non-homogeneous OL | 26 (83.9%) | 5 (16.1%) | 31 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
| Non-A/U OLP | N/A | N/A | N/A | 8 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 8 | 0.330† | |
| A/U OLP | N/A | N/A | N/A | 40 (78.4%) | 11 (21.6%) | 51 | ||
| Histopathologic feature | ||||||||
| Hyperkeratosis | 31 (77.5%) | 9 (22.5%) | 40 | 0.582 | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| Epithelial dysplasia | 50 (82.0%) | 11 (18.0%) | 61 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
| Degree of dysplasia | ||||||||
| Mild | 30 (90.9%) | 3 (9.1%) | 33 | 0.049* | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| Moderate/severe | 20 (71.4%) | 8 (28.6%) | 28 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
| Site | ||||||||
| Buccal mucosa | 19 (70.4%) | 8 (29.6%) | 27 | 0.867† | 39 (83.0%) | 8 (17.0%) | 47 | 0.270† |
| Gum | 20 (83.3%) | 4 (16.7%) | 24 | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 1 | ||
| Tongue | 15 (83.3%) | 3 (16.7%) | 18 | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 1 | ||
| Hard palate | 9 (90%) | 1 (10%) | 10 | 2 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 2 | ||
| Soft palate | 11 (78.6%) | 3 (21.4%) | 14 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
| Retromolar area | N/A | N/A | N/A | 3 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 3 | ||
| Vestibule | 6 (85.7%) | 1 (14.3%) | 7 | 2 (40%) | 3 (60%) | 5 | ||
| Unknown | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||
| Total | 80 (80.2%) | 21 (19.8%) | 101 | 48 (81.4%) | 11 (18.6%) | 59 | ||
OL, oral leukoplakia; OLP, oral lichen planus; HR-HPV, high-risk human papillomavirus; N/A, not applicable; aP value in OL group only; bP value in OLP group only; *, Statistically significant with p values less than 0.05; †, Fisher’s exact test; ‡, The cases with missing data were excluded