Table 2.
Distribution of classes of drugs prescribed in different stages of CKD
| Drugs, n (%) | CKD stage (n) |
Total (N = 3966) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (100) | 2 (309) | 3 (3131) | 4 (426) | ||
| Antihypertensive drugs | 89 (89.0) | 256 (82.9) | 2525 (80.7) | 339 (79.6) | 3209 (80.9) |
| Beta-blockers | 13 (13.0) | 64 (20.7) | 881 (28.1) | 118 (27.7) | 1076 (27.1) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 18 (18.0) | 119 (38.5) | 1348 (43.1) | 203 (47.7) | 1688 (42.6) |
| Alpha blockers | 7 (7.0) | 26 (8.4) | 349 (11.2) | 40 (9.4) | 422 (10.7) |
| ACE inhibitors | 31 (31.0) | 78 (25.2) | 711 (22.7) | 73 (17.1) | 893 (22.5) |
| ARBs | 47 (47.0) | 111 (35.9) | 793 (25.3) | 57 (13.4) | 1008 (25.4) |
| Diuretics | 14 (14.0) | 70 (22.7) | 905 (28.9) | 148 (34.7) | 1137 (28.7) |
| Central sympatholytic | 2 (2.0) | 6 (1.9) | 93 (3.0) | 17 (4.0) | 118 (3.0) |
| Phosphate binders | 36 (36.0) | 119 (38.5) | 1090 (34.8) | 210 (49.3) | 1455 (36.7) |
| Calcium-based | 36 (36.0) | 114 (36.9) | 979 (31.3) | 165 (38.7) | 1294 (32.6) |
| Non–calcium based | 0 (0) | 5 (1.6) | 122 (3.9) | 48 (11.3) | 175 (4.4) |
| Iron supplements | 21 (21.0) | 64 (20.7) | 820 (26.2) | 140 (32.9) | 1045 (26.4) |
| Oral | 21 (21.0) | 63 (20.4) | 817 (26.1) | 138 (32.4) | 1039 (26.2) |
| Intravenous | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 6 (0.2) | 2 (0.5) | 9 (0.2) |
| Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents | 1 (1.0) | 9 (2.9) | 79 (2.5) | 23 (5.4) | 112 (2.8) |
| Erythropoietin | 1 (1.0) | 8 (2.6) | 65 (2.1) | 17 (4.0) | 91 (2.3) |
| Darbepoietin | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 10 (0.3) | 4 (0.9) | 15 (0.4) |
| Others | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.1) | 2 (0.5) | 6 (0.2) |
| Sodium bicarbonate | 11 (11.0) | 92 (29.8) | 1367 (43.7) | 230 (54.0) | 1700 (42.9) |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 8 (8.0) | 53 (17.2) | 707 (22.6) | 92 (21.6) | 860 (21.7) |
| Clopidogrel | 1 (1.0) | 7 (2.3) | 129 (4.1) | 16 (3.8) | 153 (3.9) |
| Aspirin | 8 (8.0) | 53 (17.2) | 659 (21.1) | 84 (19.7) | 804 (20.3) |
| Uric acid–lowering agent | 3 (3.0) | 37 (12.0) | 498 (15.9) | 60 (14.1) | 598 (15.1) |
| Allopurinol | 0 (0) | 5 (1.6) | 31 (1.0) | 3 (0.7) | 39 (1.0) |
| Febuxostat | 3 (3.0) | 32 (10.4) | 469 (15.0) | 57 (13.4) | 561 (14.2) |
| Statins | 27 (27.0) | 110 (35.6) | 1312 (41.9) | 153 (35.9) | 1602 (40.4) |
| Vitamin D3 compounds | 10 (10.0) | 17 (5.5) | 387 (12.4) | 55 (12.9) | 469 (11.8) |
| Cholecalciferol or ergocalciferol | 9 (9.0) | 15 (4.9) | 248 (7.9) | 25 (5.9) | 297 (7.5) |
| Calcitriol | 1 (1.0) | 2 (0.7) | 149 (4.8) | 29 (6.8) | 181 (4.6) |
| Others | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (0.1) | 1 (0.24) | 5 (0.1) |
| Multivitamin | 5 (5.0) | 50 (16.2) | 845 (27.0) | 147 (34.5) | 1047 (26.4) |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease.