Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the whole study sample (n = 4307)

Age (y)	55 ± 14
Female	2417 (56.1)
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	120 ± 16
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	74 ± 9
Height (inch)	66 ± 4
Weight (lb)	174 ± 40
Current smoking	338 (7.8)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	113 ± 73
Total/HDL cholesterol	3.3. ± 1.1
Waist circumference (inch/cm)	39 ± 6/98 ± 14
Heart rate (bpm)	64 ± 9
Moderate/severe alcohol consumption	657 (15.3)
Diabetes	370 (8.6)
Hypertension treatment	1324 (30.7)
Prevalent myocardial infarction	182 (4.2)
Prevalent heart failure	28 (0.7)
Prevalent AF	109 (2.5)
AV node blockers	769 (17.9)

Values are given as n (%) for dichotomous variables and mean ± SD or median (25th, 75th percentiles) for continuous variables

AF = atrial fibrillation; AV = atrioventricular; BP = blood pressure; HDL = high-density lipoprotein.

∗P value was calculated by the Fisher exact test for categorical variables or Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables.