Table 2.
Comparison of Non-Hispanic white (NHW) and Native American (NA) Participants on Background Variables
| NHW (n=129) | NA (n=124) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous Variable | M | SD | M | SD | t | p | d |
| Age (years) | 28.519 | 13.569 | 29.339 | 11.925 | −0.509 | 0.611 | 0.064 |
| Adverse Life Events (ALEs) | 1.754 | 1.473 | 2.139 | 1.602 | −1.970 | 0.050 | 0.250 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 24.210 | 3.757 | 25.717 | 4.570 | −2.845 | 0.005 | 0.361 |
| Mean Arterial Pressure (mmHg) | 82.459 | 7.268 | 88.300 | 9.819 | −5.333 | <0.001 | 0.676 |
| Dispositional Pain Catastrophizing (PCS; 0–52) | 9.806 | 7.562 | 9.545 | 7.604 | 0.274 | 0.785 | 0.034 |
| Negative Affect (PANAS; 0–40) | 2.806 | 2.613 | 3.057 | 2.625 | −0.760 | 0.448 | 0.096 |
| Positive Affect (PANAS; 0–40) | 17.938 | 6.875 | 19.114 | 7.669 | −1.283 | 0.201 | 0.162 |
| State Anxiety (STAI; 20–80) | 32.411 | 6.903 | 33.146 | 7.288 | −0.823 | 0.411 | 0.104 |
| SCL-90 - Global Severity Index (0–4) | 0.336 | 0.332 | 0.445 | 0.416 | −3.059 | 0.002 | 0.291 |
| Perceived Stress (PSS; 0–40) | 13.039 | 5.631 | 14.697 | 6.265 | −2.207 | 0.028 | 0.279 |
| SF-36 Body Pain Scale (0–100) | 91.221 | 9.708 | 89.184 | 11.247 | 1.543 | 0.124 | 0.142 |
| SF-36 General Health Scale (0–100) | 81.047 | 13.385 | 78.033 | 13.504 | 1.881 | 0.061 | 0.294 |
| Subjective Sleep Quality (0–3) | 0.948 | 0.630 | 1.268 | 0.849 | −3.219 | 0.001 | −0.429 |
| Suprathreshold Stimulus Intensity (0–50mA) | 25.034 | 12.558 | 27.425 | 12.156 | −1.538 | 0.125 | 0.193 |
| Cold Water Pain (0–100) | 51.820 | 24.266 | 55.910 | 24.281 | −1.334 | 0.184 | 0.168 |
| Categorical Variable | N | % | N | % | χ 2 | p | |
| Sex (male) | 65 | 50.4% | 55 | 44.4% | 0.923 | 0.337 | |
| Education | 2.890 | 0.409 | |||||
| High School Graduate | or Less | 15 | 11.7% | 22 | 17.9% | ||
| Some College | 68 | 53.1% | 54 | 43.9% | |||
| College Graduate | 34 | 26.6% | 36 | 29.3% | |||
| Graduate/Professional School | 11 | 8.6% | 11 | 8.9% | |||
| Employment | 3.863 | 0.145 | |||||
| ≥40 Hours per Week | 28 | 22.0% | 39 | 32.0% | |||
| <40 Hours per Week | 60 | 47.2% | 45 | 36.9% | |||
| Retired | 39 | 30.7% | 38 | 31.1% | |||
| Income | 9.491 | 0.091 | |||||
| <$9,999 | 49 | 38.6% | 30 | 25.0% | |||
| $10,000–$14,999 | 15 | 11.8% | 15 | 12.5% | |||
| $15,000–$24,999 | 16 | 12.6% | 15 | 12.5% | |||
| $25,000–$34,999 | 10 | 7.9% | 15 | 12.5% | |||
| $35,000–$49,999 | 10 | 7.9% | 21 | 17.5% | |||
| ≥$50,000 | 27 | 21.3% | 24 | 20.0% | |||
| Marital Status | 5.553 | 0.062 | |||||
| Single | 97 | 75.2% | 79 | 64.8% | |||
| Married | 22 | 17.1% | 22 | 18.0% | |||
| Other | 10 | 8.8% | 21 | 17.2% | |||
Note. NHW=non-Hispanic white. NA= Native American. PCS=Pain Catastrophizing Scale. PANAS=Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. STAI=State Trait Anxiety Inventory. SCL-90= Symptom Checklist 90. PSS=Perceived Stress Scale. SF-36= Medical Outcomes Short Study From, 36-item.