Table 3.
Clinical Characteristics of ADHF Patients Grouped by Urinary and Plasma CNP Levels
| Variable | Normal uCNP Normal pCNP (n=51) |
Normal uCNP Elevated pCNP (n=19) |
Elevated uCNP Normal pCNP (n=91) |
Elevated uCNP Elevated pCNP (n=47) |
P value | Adjusted P value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 66 ± 12 | 67 ± 15 | 68 ± 13 | 73 ± 13 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
| Sex, female (%) | 20% | 21% | 40% | 34% | 0.07 | 0.10 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 34 ± 9 | 33 ± 9 | 32 ± 8 | 29 ± 9 | 0.05 | 0.14 |
| LVEF, % | 32 ± 15 | 30 ± 15 | 42 ± 18 | 35 ± 18 | 0.002 | 0.01 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 64 ± 27 | 52 ± 21 | 60 ± 24 | 49 ± 21 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
| Length of hospital stay, days | 6 (4, 9) | 6 (3, 12) | 5 (3, 8) | 7 (4, 17) | 0.16 | 0.005 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 37 (76%) | 16 (84%) | 59 (65%) | 37 (79%) | 0.16 | 0.18 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 17 (35%) | 8 (42%) | 42 (46%) | 12 (26%) | 0.11 | 0.10 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 21 (43%) | 11 (58%) | 58 (64%) | 35 (74%) | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 27 (55%) | 12 (63%) | 57 (63%) | 33 (70%) | 0.50 | 0.63 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 11 (22%) | 4 (21%) | 18 (20%) | 14 (30%) | 0.61 | 0.76 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 32 (65%) | 14 (74%) | 57 (63%) | 33 (70%) | 0.72 | 0.84 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 1 (2%) | 1 (5%) | 3 (3%) | 4 (9%) | 0.41 | 0.59 |
| Medications | ||||||
| ACEi or ARB, n (%) | 32 (65%) | 14 (74%) | 57 (63%) | 33 (70%) | 0.70 | 0.81 |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 35 (69%) | 12 (63%) | 57 (63%) | 30 (64%) | 0.62 | 0.84 |
| Loop diuretic, n (%) | 47 (92%) | 19 (100%) | 89 (98%) | 47 (100%) | 0.09 | 0.51 |
| Statin, n (%) | 34 (67%) | 12 (63%) | 48 (53%) | 30 (64%) | 0.35 | 0.65 |
| Plasma variables | ||||||
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 1589 (647, 2999) | 4457 (1942, 9869) | 2301 (1292, 5407) | 7441 (3462, 14029) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| CNP, pg/mL | 11.3 (7.8, 16.3) | 37.5 (31.9, 78.9) | 15.4 (9.6, 19.1) | 35.7 (30.1, 48.9) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Urinary variables | ||||||
| CNP, ng/g Cr | 24.5 (20.2, 28.1) | 25.0 (19.5, 28.0) | 55.8 (43.5, 99.5) | 62.6 (42.0, 114.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Protein, mg/mg Cr | 0.04 (0.02, 0.08) | 0.06 (0.02, 0.09) | 0.06 (0.03, 0.12) | 0.08 (0.03, 0.16) | 0.03 | 0.23 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD, n (%), or median (interquartile range).
†
Age and sex adjusted.
uCNP = urinary CNP; pCNP = plasma CNP; other abbreviations as in Table 1.