Table 1.
Demographic characteristics for the participants in the present study
| All | SWHS | SMHS | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases N=250 |
Control N=250 | P | Cases N=125 |
Control N=125 |
P | Cases N=125 |
Control N=125 |
P | |||
| Age, years | 59.5±9.8 | 59.5±9.7 | 0.381 | 57.8±8.9 | 57.8±8.9 | 0.823 | 61.1±10.4 | 61.3±10.2 | 0.168 | ||
| Ever smoking, N (%) | |||||||||||
| No | 152 (60.8) | 168 (67.2) | 117 (93.6) | 120 (96.0) | 35 (28.0) | 48 (38.4) | |||||
| Yes | 98 (39.2) | 82 (32.8) | 0.045 | 8 (6.4) | 5 (4.0) | 0.410 | 90 (72.0) | 77 (61.6) | 0.067 | ||
| Pack-year smoking | 11.0±17.7 | 10.3±19.8 | 0.647 | 0.7±3.8 | 0.4±3.2 | 0.525 | 21.2±20.0 | 20.2±24.1 | 0.720 | ||
| Ever drinking, N (%) | |||||||||||
| No | 196 (78.4) | 199 (79.6) | 122 (97.6) | 122 (97.6) | 74 (59.2) | 77 (61.6) | |||||
| Yes | 54 (21.6) | 51 (20.4) | 0.714 | 3 (2.4) | 3 (2.4) | 1 | 51 (40.1) | 48 (38.4) | 0.701 | ||
| Education level, N (%) | |||||||||||
| Elementary school or none | 72 (28.8) | 70 (28.0) | 57 (45.6) | 50 (40.0) | 15 (12.0) | 20 (16.0) | |||||
| Before college | 166 (66.4) | 162 (64.8) | 66 (52.8) | 69 (55.2) | 100 (80.0) | 93 (74.4) | |||||
| College or above | 12 (4.8) | 18 (7.2) | 0.489 | 2 (1.6) | 6 (4.8) | 0.233 | 10 (8.0) | 12 (9.6) | 0.517 | ||
| Family income, N (%) | |||||||||||
| Low | 33 (13.2) | 51 (20.4) | 24 (19.2) | 31 (24.8) | 9 (7.2) | 20 (16.0) | |||||
| Middle | 200 (80.0) | 185 (74.0) | 95 (76.0) | 88 (70.4) | 105 (84.0) | 97 (77.6) | |||||
| High | 17 (6.8) | 14 (5.6) | 0.067 | 6 (4.8) | 6 (4.8) | 0.545 | 11 (8.8) | 8 (6.4) | 0.044 | ||
| BMI, N (%) | |||||||||||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 11 (4.4) | 7 (2.8) | 4 (3.2) | 1 (0.8) | 7 (5.6) | 6 (4.8) | |||||
| 18.5–25 kg/m2 | 147 (58.8) | 149 (59.6) | 69 (55.2) | 71 (56.8) | 78 (62.4) | 78 (62.4) | |||||
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 | 77 (30.8) | 77 (30.8) | 41 (32.8) | 41 (32.8) | 36 (28.8) | 36 (28.8) | |||||
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 15 (6.0) | 17 (6.8) | 0.774 | 11 (8.8) | 12 (9.6) | 0.585 | 4 (3.2) | 5 (4.0) | 0.977 | ||
| WHR | 0.86±0.07 | 0.86±0.07 | 0.282 | 0.82±0.05 | 0.82±0.05 | 0.767 | 0.90±0.06 | 0.90±0.06 | 0.243 | ||
| Physical activity, MET-hour/day | 1.1±1.9 | 1.2±2.2 | 0.427 | 0.8±1.4 | 1.0±1.8 | 0.152 | 1.4±2.1 | 1.4±2.5 | 0.968 | ||
| Time to last meal, hours | 4.3±3.6 | 5.8±4.8 | 6.36×10−9 | 4.1±3.7 | 4.0±3.7 | 0.722 | 4.5±3.6 | 7.5±5.2 | 3.62×10−10 | ||
| Current tea drinking, N (%) | |||||||||||
| No | 144 (57.6) | 144 (57.6) | 99 (79.2) | 91 (72.8) | 45 (36.0) | 53 (42.4) | |||||
| Yes | 106 (42.4) | 106 (42.4) | 1.000 | 26 (20.8) | 34 (27.2) | 0.230 | 80 (64.0) | 72 (57.6) | 0.278 | ||
| Amount of dry tea leaf consumed, g/month | 108.8±184.6 | 99.2±149.6 | 0.436 | 24.2±65.6 | 34.4±69.8 | 0.253 | 193.4±223.0 | 164±177.9 | 0.200 | ||
| History of type 2 diabetes, N (%) | |||||||||||
| No | 228 (91.2) | 235 (94.0) | 114 (91.2) | 116 (92.8) | 114 (91.2) | 119 (95.2) | |||||
| Yes | 22 (8.8) | 15 (6.0) | 0.213 | 11 (8.8) | 9 (7.2) | 0.618 | 11 (8.8) | 6 (4.8) | 0.206 | ||
| Family history of gastric cancer, N (%) | |||||||||||
| No | 229 (91.6) | 228 (91.2) | 115 (92.0) | 112 (89.6) | 114 (91.2) | 116 (92.8) | |||||
| Yes | 21 (8.4) | 22 (8.8) | 0.879 | 10 (8.0) | 13 (10.4) | 0.533 | 11 (8.8) | 9 (7.2) | 0.655 | ||
| History of gastritis, N (%) | |||||||||||
| No | 193 (77.2) | 196 (78.4) | 91 (72.8) | 91 (72.8) | 102 (81.6) | 105 (84.0) | |||||
| Yes | 57 (22.8) | 54 (21.6) | 0.753 | 34 (27.2) | 34 (27.2) | 1 | 23 (18.4) | 20 (16.0) | 0.602 | ||
| Overall H. pylori seropositivity, N (%) | |||||||||||
| No | 9 (3.6) | 32 (13.1) | 5 (4.1) | 19 (16.0) | 4 (3.2) | 13 (10.4) | |||||
| Yes | 238 (96.4) | 212 (86.9) | 117 (95.9) | 100 (84.0) | 121 (96.8) | 112 (89.6) | |||||
| Missing | 3 (1.2) | 6 (2.4) | 3.35×10−5 | 3 (2.4) | 6 (4.8) | 5.60×10−4 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.032 | ||
| H. pylori biomarker-dual positivity, N (%) | |||||||||||
| Omp- and/or HP 0305- | 80 (32.0) | 129 (51.6) | 46 (36.8) | 66 (52.8) | 34 (27.2) | 63 (50.4) | |||||
| Omp+ & HP 0305+ | 167 (66.8) | 115 (46.0) | 76 (60.8) | 53 (42.4) | 91 (72.8) | 62 (49.6) | |||||
| Missing | 3 (1.2) | 6 (2.4) | 4.67×10−6 | 3 (2.4) | 6 (4.8) | 2.98×10−3 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5.35×10−4 | ||
Mean ± SD was shown for continuous variable. Family income (yuan per capita per year), for women, low: <4000; middle: 4000–8000; high: ≥8000; for men, low: <6000; middle: 6000–10,000; high: ≥10,000 at baseline.