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. 2021 Aug 23;12:738590. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738590

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Copyright © 2021 Wu, Zhang, Zhou, Yang, Chen, Zhao, Zhong, Lin and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of clemastine on expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in hippocampus of aged mice after anesthesia and surgery. (A) Relative mRNA expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β, normalized to that of the GAPDH internal control. (B) Representative western blot images of TNF-α and IL-1β. (C) Relative protein expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β, normalized to that of the β-tubulin internal control. The data are presented as mean ± S.D. (n = 10 mice per group). ^* p < 0.05 compared with the CON group. ***p < 0.005 compared with the CON group. ****p < 0.001 compared with the CON group. ^# p < 0.05 compared with the PND group. ^### p < 0.005 compared with the PND group. ^#### p < 0.001 compared with the PND group.