Table 1.
Characteristics of the study cohort (n = 1555)
| Mean age (SD) | 60 (16) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 879 (57) |
| Race, n (%) (unspecified 17%) | |
| Black | 684 (44) |
| White | 571 (37) |
| Other | 44 (3) |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 251 (16) |
| Healthcare worker, n (%) (missing 11%) | 93 (6) |
| Smoking, n (%) (unknown 5%) | |
| Current | 107 (7) |
| Former | 418 (27) |
| Never | 946 (61) |
| Alcohol use, n (%) (unknown 10%) | |
| Current | 147 (10) |
| Former | 83 (5) |
| Never | 1163 (75) |
| Mean BMI (SD) (missing 6%) | 32 (9) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |
| Hypertension | 994 (64) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 587 (38) |
| Cardiovascular disease* | 453 (29) |
| Chronic lung disease** | 426 (27) |
| End-stage renal disease | 155 (10) |
| Cancer | 95 (6) |
| Dementia | 86 (6) |
| Connective tissue disease | 83 (5) |
| HIV | 25 (2) |
| Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 55 (4) |
| Viral hepatitis | 20 (36) |
| Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease | 15 (27) |
| Alcohol | 4 (7) |
| Other*** | 3 6) |
| Unspecified | 13 (4) |
| Cirrhosis, n (%) | 21 (1) |
| Decompensated cirrhosis, n (%) | 7 (1) |
| Lab tests | |
| Peak WBC (SD) (missing 0.2%) | 13 (9) |
| Nadir WBC (SD) (missing 0.3%) | 5 (3) |
| Nadir hemoglobin (SD) (missing 0.2%) | 10 (3) |
| Nadir platelet (SD) (missing 0.3%) | 17 (82) |
| Peak creatinine (SD) (missing 1%) | 2.4 (3) |
| Liver tests | |
| Admission AST, U/L (SD) | 51 (6) |
| Peak AST, U/L (SD) | 191 (1099) |
| Admission ALT, U/L (SD) | 37 (36) |
| Peak ALT, U/L (SD) | 119 (452) |
| Admission ALP, U/L (SD) | 82 (53) |
| Peak ALP, U/L (SD) | 123 (119) |
| Admission total bilirubin, mg/dL (SD) | 0.6 (0.7) |
| Peak total bilirubin, mg/dL (SD) | 1.7 (10) |
| Admission INR (SD) (missing 50%) | 1.3 (1) |
| Peak INR (SD) (missing 35%) | 1.5 (1) |
| Acute kidney injury, n (%) | 228 (15) |
| (Peak Cr > 2 × admission Cr + no history of ESRD) | |
| Abdominal imaging, n (%) | 244 (16) |
| Computed tomography | 199 (13) |
| Ultrasound | 65 (4) |
| Magnetic resonance imaging | 5 (0.3) |
| Received SARS-CoV-2 treatment, n (%) | 1197 (77) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 848 (55) |
| Azithromycin | 823 (53) |
| Corticosteroids | 186 (12) |
| Tocilizumab | 101 (7) |
| Remdesivir | 97 (6) |
| Convalescent plasma | 32 (2) |
Abbreviations: ALP = alkaline phosphatase, ALT = alanine aminotransferase, BMI = body mass index, Cr =creatinine, ESRD = end-stage renal disease, INR = international normalized ratio, SD—standard deviation, WBC = white blood cell
*Cardiovascular disease is a composite of the following
Coronary artery disease 231 (15)
Heart failure 192 (12)
Stroke 141 (9)
Peripheral vascular disease 77 (5)
**Chronic lung disease is a composite of the following
Asthma 188 (12)
COPD 132 (9)
OSA 171 (11)
Interstitial lung disease 15 (1)
Pulmonary hypertension 10 (1)
***Other liver disease includes autoimmune hepatitis (1), hemochromatosis (1), and cardiac cirrhosis (1)