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. 2021 Aug 23;9:695007. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695007

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Copyright © 2021 Cai, Chai, Xiong, Wei, Mao, Zhu, Li, Wei, Dai, Yang, Liu, Shu, Wang, Lu, Cai, Zheng, Mei, Zhou, Yang, Zhao, Shen, Ho, Chen and Xiong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Purification and identification of circulating exosomes from PD patient plasma. (A) Exosomes were extracted from patient plasma and characterized by a NanoSight NS300. The figure shows the representative NanoSight data obtained from patient plasma samples. (B) The surface markers of exosomes were identified by Western blotting using antibodies against CD9, TSG101, and HSC70. The figure shows the representative Western blotting results using the samples of circulating exosome, NSCs and NSC derived neuron (NEU). (C) The isolated particles from patient plasma were observed under TEM, and the figure shows the representative morphology of the isolated particles. NSC, neural stem cell; NEU, neuron. Scale bar, 1.0 μm in original photo and 100 nm in enlarged photo.