TABLE 2.
Univariate and multivariate survival analyses of different variables aiming at OS and CSS for patients with stage IV PC
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OS | CSS | OS | CSS | |||||
| HR (95% CI) | p | HR (95% CI) | p | aHR (95% CI) | p | aHR (95% CI) | p | |
| Age | 1.016 (1.014–1.017) | <0.001 | 1.015 (1.013–1.017) | <0.001 | 1.010 (1.008–1.012) | <0.001 | 1.009 (1.008–1.011) | <0.001 |
| Female | 0.987 (0.971–1.004) | 0.125 | 0.992 (0.975–1.010) | 0.374 | ||||
| Race | 0.008 | 0.226 | 0.084 | |||||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||
| Black | 1.079 (1.027–1.133) | 0.002 | 1.021 (0.982–1.062) | 0.297 | 1.058 (1.007–1.112) | 0.027 | ||
| Other | 1.032 (0.969–1.099) | 0.328 | 1.002 (0.957–1.049) | 0.936 | 1.015 (0.952–1.081) | 0.655 | ||
| Grade | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| I | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| II | 1.130 (0.986–1.294) | 0.079 | 1.119 (0.972–1.290) | 0.119 | 1.283 (1.119–1.471) | <0.001 | 1.256 (1.089–1.448) | 0.002 |
| III | 1.420 (1.242–1.625) | <0.001 | 1.403 (1.219–1.614) | <0.001 | 1.612 (1.408–1.846) | <0.001 | 1.565 (1.359–1.802) | <0.001 |
| IV | 1.287 (0.959–1.729) | 0.093 | 1.219 (0.890–1.669) | 0.218 | 1.282 (0.954–1.722) | 0.100 | 1.191 (0.869–1.632) | 0.276 |
| Unknown | 1.430 (1.259–1.624) | <0.001 | 1.393 (1.220–1.590) | <0.001 | 1.447 (1.273–1.645) | <0.001 | 1.402 (1.227–1.602) | <0.001 |
| T stage | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2 | 1.112 (1.023–1.209) | 0.013 | 1.119 (1.025–1.221) | 0.012 | 1.139 (1.047–1.238) | 0.002 | 1.139 (1.044–1.244) | 0.003 |
| 3 | 1.226 (1.127–1.333) | <0.001 | 1.243 (1.138–1.356) | <0.001 | 1.243 (1.142–1.353) | <0.001 | 1.248 (1.142–1.363) | <0.001 |
| 4 | 1.145 (1.048–1.250) | 0.003 | 1.157 (1.055–1.268) | 0.002 | 1.196 (1.095–1.307) | <0.001 | 1.206 (1.099–1.323) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 1.422 (1.304–1.550) | <0.001 | 1.254 (1.144–1.374) | <0.001 | 1.296 (1.185–1.417) | <0.001 | 1.182 (1.075–1.299) | 0.001 |
| N stage | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | <0.001 | Ref | Ref | |||
| 1 | 1.081 (0.910–1.286) | 0.375 | 1.112 (0.928–1.333) | 0.248 | 1.159 (0.974–1.379) | 0.096 | 1.199 (0.999–1.438) | 0.051 |
| 2 | 1.120 (0.911–1.378) | 0.282 | 1.144 (0.921–1.420) | 0.224 | 1.427 (1.143–1.781) | 0.002 | 1.403 (1.114–1.768) | 0.004 |
| Unknown | 1.881 (1.659–2.134) | <0.001 | 1.878 (1.645–2.144) | <0.001 | 1.435 (1.251–1.645) | <0.001 | 1.469 (1.271–1.697) | <0.001 |
| Tumor location | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Head | 0.908 (0.873–0.944) | <0.001 | 0.897 (0.861–0.934) | <0.001 | 0.914 (0.878–0.952) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.873–0.949) | <0.001 |
| Bodytail | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Overlapping | 1.030 (0.970–1.094) | 0.339 | 1.047 (0.983–1.114) | 0.152 | 0.993 (0.943–1.046) | 0.792 | 1.016 (0.955–1.082) | 0.611 |
| Other | 1.154 (1.101–1.209) | <0.001 | 1.017 (0.966–1.070) | 0.521 | 1.000 (0.941–1.062) | 0.996 | 0.922 (0.872–0.976) | 0.005 |
| Msite bone | 1.251 (1.175–1.333) | <0.001 | 1.168 (1.091–1.251) | <0.001 | 1.157 (0.992–1.35) | 0.064 | 1.132 (0.952–1.346) | 0.159 |
| Msite brain | 1.469 (1.201–1.795) | <0.001 | 1.264 (1.006–1.589) | 0.045 | 1.309 (1.057–1.62) | 0.014 | 1.228 (0.964–1.565) | 0.096 |
| Msite liver | 1.241 (1.291–1.343) | <0.001 | 1.323 (1.269–1.380) | <0.001 | 1.313 (1.132–1.523) | <0.001 | 1.351 (1.143–1.596) | <0.001 |
| Msite lung | 1.114 (1.069–1.162) | <0.001 | 1.095 (1.048–1.145) | <0.001 | 1.007 (0.868–1.168) | 0.923 | 1.009 (0.854–1.192) | 0.915 |
| Msite number | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 1 | 1.234 (1.177–1.295) | <0.001 | 1.249 (1.187–1.314) | <0.001 | 0.947 (0.814–1.102) | 0.480 | 0.928 (0.783–1.1) | 0.388 |
| 2 | 1.537 (1.446–1.634) | <0.001 | 1.551 (1.454–1.655) | <0.001 | 1.104 (0.827–1.472) | 0.502 | 1.091 (0.788–1.509) | 0.601 |
| 3 | 1.977 (1.754–2.228) | <0.001 | 1.768 (1.547–2.020) | <0.001 | 1.309 (0.848–2.021) | 0.224 | 1.178 (0.721–1.924) | 0.514 |
| 4 | 2.244 (1.326–3.796) | <0.001 | 1.993 (1.102–3.606) | 0.023 | ||||
| Insurance status | 0.012 | 0.068 | 0.004 | 0.019 | ||||
| Insured | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Uninsured | 1.154 (1.043–1.277) | 0.006 | 1.131 (1.015–1.260) | 0.026 | 1.188 (1.072–1.317) | 0.001 | 1.17 (1.048–1.305) | 0.005 |
| Unknown | 1.088 (0.942–1.257) | 0.253 | 1.056 (0.904–1.232) | 0.493 | 1.040 (0.900–1.202) | 0.596 | 1.028 (0.881–1.201) | 0.723 |
| Married | 0.827 (0.800–0.855) | <0.001 | 0.846 (0.817–0.876) | <0.001 | 0.915 (0.884–0.947) | <0.001 | 0.922 (0.89–0.956) | <0.001 |
| Chemotherapy | 0.405 (0.391–0.420) | <0.001 | 0.421 (0.406–0.437) | <0.001 | 0.418 (0.403–0.434) | <0.001 | 0.428 (0.412–0.445) | <0.001 |
| Radiotherapy | 0.828 (0.771–0.888) | <0.001 | 0.790 (0.732–0.852) | <0.001 | 0.915 (0.849–0.985) | 0.018 | 0.888 (0.82–0.961) | 0.003 |
| PTR | 0.520 (0.473–0.572) | <0.001 | 0.543 (0.493–0.599) | <0.001 | 0.704 (0.613–0.807) | <0.001 | 0.732 (0.635–0.845) | <0.001 |
| Distant/reginal site resection | 0.762 (0.710–0.818) | <0.001 | 0.740 (0.687–0.798) | <0.001 | 0.900 (0.836–0.968) | 0.005 | 0.876 (0.81–0.947) | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CSS, cancer‐specific survival; HR, hazard ratio; Msite, metastatic site; OS, overall survival; p, p value; PTR, primary tumor resection.