Table 2. Examples of Studies Applying Advanced Approaches for Mass Spectrometry-Based Analysis in Single and/or Low Cell Numbersa.
| technology | cell type description | sample amount (no. of cells, protein amount, sample volume) | no. of identified proteins | mass spectrometer | reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP3 | Human oocytes | 100 cells | 2154 | Orbitrap Velosf | (91) |
| Human oocytes | 1 cell (∼100 ng) | ∼445 | Orbitrap Velosf | (91) | |
| Mouse BMDM | 25 000 cell (∼1 μg) | 3152 | Synapt G2-S HDg | (92) | |
| HeLa cells | 1 μg | 3300 | |||
| Somaless retinal axons from 100 eye explants from Xenopus laevis embryos | ∼2 μg | >1000 | Orbitrap Velosf, Q-Exactivef, Orbitrap Fusionf | (93) | |
| Human distal lung resections | 10 mg wet weight | 2412 | Q-Exactive Plusf | (94) | |
| Tubules or glomeruli from human kidney | ∼200 cells | >2000 | Q-Exactive Plusf | (95) | |
| Microorganism mixture (55% B. subtilis + 35% E. coli + 10% S. cerevisiae) | 1 × 107 CFU (0.3 μg) | 1932 | Q-Exactive HFf | (96) | |
| SCoPE-MS | Mouse embryonic stem cells | Single cells | ∼1000 | Orbitrap Elitef | (97) |
| Human monocytes/macrophages | 1018 cells | 2700 | Q-Exactivef | (98) | |
| AML cell model | Single cells | 1000 | Orbitrap Explorisf | (99) | |
| In-StageTip (iST) | S. cerevisiae | 20 μg | 4570 | Q-Exactivef | (9) |
| HeLa cells | 20 μg | 9667 | Q-Exactivef | (9) | |
| Human peripheral blood | 1 μL (×15) | 313 | Q Exactive HFf | (100) | |
| Mouse BMDM | 25 000 cell (∼1 μg) | 2343 | Synapt G2-S HDg | (92) | |
| HeLa cells | 1 μg | 3020 | Synapt G2-S HDg | (92) | |
| Pediatric urine samples | 0.5 mL (∼130 μg) | 1199 | Q Exactive HFf | (101) | |
| Microfluidics | E. colib | 50 ng | 799 | Orbitrap Velosf | (102) |
| THP-1 | 1000 cells | 346–911 | Orbitrap Elitef | (103) | |
| THP-1 | 100 cells | 275–549 | Orbitrap Elitef | (103) | |
| HeLac | 140 cells | ∼3000 | Orbitrap Fusionf | (104) | |
| HeLac | Single cells | 670 | Orbitrap Fusionf | (105) | |
| HeLac | Single cells | 1056 | Orbitrap Eclipsef | (106) | |
| Jurkatd | ∼500 cells | 2500 | Q-Exactive Plusf | (107) | |
| Single mouse oocytee | 1 cell | 355 | Orbitrap Elitef | (108) | |
| Xenopus laevis embryo | 16-cell embryo | 112 | Orbitrap Fusionf | (109) | |
| B and T cellsc | ∼130 cells | 1095 | Orbitrap Explorisf | (110) | |
| HeLac | 70/770 cells | 170/620 | Orbitrap Lumosf | (111) | |
| MCF10Ac | Single cells | 256 | Orbitrap Fusionf | (112) | |
| AMLc | 152 cells | 2558 | Orbitrap Fusionf | (112) | |
| Murine cellsc | 72 single cells | 2300 | Orbitrap Fusionf | (113) | |
| Laser capture microdissection-coupled | Tomato roots (cortical, epidermal) | 5000–7000 cells | 744–1313 | Orbitrap Elitef, Orbitrap Fusionf | (114) |
| Rat brain cortex | 10–18 cells | ∼1000 | Orbitrap Fusionf | (115) | |
| Human motor neurons/interneurons | Single cells | ∼1000 | Orbitrap Eclipsef | (106) | |
| Prostate tumoral cells (spiked) | 1–5 cells | 164–607 | Orbitrap Fusionf | (116) |
a
AML, acute myeloid leukemia; BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophages; CFU, colony-forming unit; SP3, single-pot solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation; SCoPE-MS, single cell proteomics by mass spectrometry.
b
Capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry, CZE-MS/MS.
c
nanoPOTS/autoPOTS.
d
Digital microfluidics combined with SP3, DMF-SP3.
e
Nanoliter-scale oil-air-droplet (OAD) chip.
f
By Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, US).
g
By Waters Corporation (Mildford, MA, US).