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. 2021 Sep 6;19:264. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-00991-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — dECM@exo modulated pyroptosis in NPCs. A Fluorescence images of GSDMD after IL-1β + TNF-α stimulation in the NC, IL, dECM, Exo and dECM@exo groups. Scale bar = 50 μm. B Quantitative analysis of the fluorescence intensity of GSDMD in each group. The data are presented represent as the mean ± SD (n = 4). *P < 0.05. C Protein expression levels of NLRP3, cleaved Caspase-1, NT-GSDMD, and IL-1β. D–G Quantification of protein expression. GAPDH served as a loading control. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05 vs. the IL group