Table 3.

Predictors of malignancy

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	Hazard ratio	95% CI	P value	Hazard ratio	95% CI	P value
Age	1.120	1.085–1.157	< 0.001	1.138	1.092–1.186	< 0.001
Size	1.177	1.107–1.252	< 0.001	1.086	0.995–1.181	0.065
Lobulation	2.493	1.456–4.267	0.001	2.143	0.980–4.689	0.056
Spiculation	3.333	1.924–5.776	< 0.001	0.739	0.302–1.806	0.507
Pleural retraction sign	4.194	2.274–7.734	< 0.001	3.366	1.431–7.920	0.005
CT bronchus sign	3.529	2.064–6.035	< 0.001	2.608	1.190–5.714	0.017
Calcification	0.185	0.049–0.702	0.013	0.190	0.024–1.517	0.117
Mediastinal/hilar lymph nodule ≥ 10 mm	1.840	0.937–3.615	0.077	0.732	0.312–1.720	0.475
CEA	1.313	1.117–1.544	0.001	1.234	1.032–1.475	0.021

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CI: confident interval; CT: computed tomography