Table 1.
Comparison of socio-demographic, health and oral health factors between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people
| Variables | Indigenous people n = 943 |
Non-Indigenous people n = 20,011 |
Significance p < .0016 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic factors | |||
| Age | |||
| 18–34 | 288 (30.5) | 4420 (22.1) | p < .001 |
| 35–64 | 540 (57.3) | 10,160 (50.8) | |
| 65+ | 115 (12.2) | 5431 (27.1) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 398 (42.2) | 8903 (44.5) | p = .168 |
| Female | 545 (57.8) | 11,108 (55.5) | |
| Marital status | |||
| Partner (married or common law) | 433 (46.2) | 11,022 (55.2) | p < .001 |
| No partner (divorced, widowed or single) | 504 (53.8) | 8949 (44.8) | |
| Education | |||
| Secondary graduation or less | 302 (33.1) | 4685 (24) | p < .001 |
| Post-secondary education | 611 (66.9) | 14,813 (76) | |
| Income | |||
| Less than $40,000 | 339 (36.1) | 4226 (21.1) | p < .001 |
| $40,000 or more | 599 (63.9) | 15,774 (78.9) | |
| Employment status | |||
| Employed | 565 (59.9) | 11,730 (58.6) | p = .436 |
| Unemployed | 378 (40.1) | 8274 (41.4) | |
| Health-related factors | |||
| Perceived general health | |||
| Good | 749 (79.6) | 17,470 (87.4) | p < .001 |
| Poor | 192 (20.4) | 2523 (12.6) | |
| Perceived mental health | |||
| Good | 816 (86.6) | 18,234 (91.3) | p < .001 |
| Poor | 126 (13.4) | 1742 (8.7) | |
| Anxiety disorder | |||
| Yes | 191 (20.3) | 2269 (11.4) | p < .001 |
| No | 750 (79.7) | 17,712 (88.6) | |
| Arthritis | |||
| Yes | 251 (26.6) | 5280 (26.5) | p = .896 |
| No | 691 (73.4) | 14,680 (73.5) | |
| Asthma | |||
| Yes | 131 (14) | 1890 (9.5) | p < .001 |
| No | 808 (86) | 18,102 (90.5) | |
| Diabetes | |||
| Yes | 118 (12.5) | 1735 (8.7) | p < .001 |
| No | 823 (87.5) | 18,263 (91.3) | |
| Effects of stroke | |||
| Yes | 19 (2) | 267 (1.3) | p = .077 |
| No | 922 (98) | 19,730 (98.7) | |
| Heart disease | |||
| Yes | 58 (6.2) | 1201 (6) | p = .848 |
| No | 881 (93.8) | 18,734 (94) | |
| High blood pressure | |||
| Yes | 216 (23) | 4364 (21.9) | p = .411 |
| No | 723 (77) | 15,593 (78.1) | |
| Mood disorder | |||
| Yes | 195 (20.8) | 2371 (11.9) | p < .001 |
| No | 744 (79.2) | 17,617 (88.1) | |
| Oral health | |||
| Dental Insurance Coverage | |||
| Yes | 685 (73.1) | 13,131 (65.9) | p < .001 |
| No | 252 (26.9) | 6808 (34.1) | |
| Employer Insurance | |||
| Yes | 440 (47.1) | 11,120 (55.9) | p < .001 |
| No | 494 (52.9) | 8765 (44.1) | |
| Non-Insured health benefits | |||
| Yes | 159 (17) | 4 (0) | p < .001 |
| No | 775 (83) | 19,881 (100) | |
| Social service insurance | |||
| Yes | 90 (9.6) | 798 (4) | p < .001 |
| No | 844 (90.4) | 19,087 (96) | |
| Dental visit for check-ups | |||
| Yes | 676 (72.1) | 15,690 (78.9) | p < .001 |
| No | 261 (27.9) | 4189 (21.1) | |
| Dental visit for emergency | |||
| Yes | 161 (17.1) | 2281 (11.4) | p < .001 |
| No | 780 (82.9) | 17,696 (88.6) | |
| Uncomfortable to eat foods | |||
| Yes | 209 (22.2) | 3092 (15.5) | p < .001 |
| No | 734 (77.8) | 16,919 (84.5) | |
| Avoid particular foods | |||
| Yes | 165 (17.5) | 2184 (10.9) | p < .001 |
| No | 778 (82.5) | 17,827 (89.1) | |
| Persistent pain | |||
| Yes | 168 (17.8) | 2328 (11.6) | p < .001 |
| No | 775 (82.2) | 17,683 (88.4) | |
| Bleeding gums | |||
| Yes | 278 (29.5) | 4351 (21.7) | p < .001 |
| No | 665 (70.5) | 15,660 (78.3) | |
| Bad breath | |||
| Yes | 189 (20) | 2795 (14) | p < .001 |
| No | 754 (80) | 17,216 (86) | |
| Lifestyle behaviours | |||
| Smoking Status | |||
| Smoker | 316 (33.5) | 3692 (18.5) | p < 0.001 |
| Non-smoker | 627 (66.5) | 16,312 (81.5) | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Drinker | 762 (81.2) | 16,798 (84.2) | p = .012 |
| Non-drinker | 177 (18.8) | 3148 (15.8) | |
| Transportation | |||
| Driving last year | |||
| Yes | 743 (78.8) | 17,784 (88.9) | p < .001 |
| No | 200 (21.2) | 2224 (11.1) | |
| Outcome | |||
| Self-rated oral health | |||
| Good | 769 (81.5) | 17,702 (88.5) | p < .001 |
| Poor | 174 (18.5) | 2309 (11.5) | |
p values in italic indicate statistical significance