Table 3.
Characteristics of study participants of cross-sectional study categorized by blood pressure status (N = 9368)
| Variables | Hypertension in male N = 4366 |
χ2/t | P | Hypertension in female N = 5002 |
χ2/t | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without hypertension | Hypertension | Without hypertension | Hypertension | |||||
| N | 3009 | 1357 | 3383 | 1619 | ||||
| Age(years) | 59.47 ± 9.02 | 61.92 ± 9.44 | − 8.192 | 0.000 | 57.23 ± 8.59 | 62.08 ± 9.95 | − 6.488 | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.92 ± 3.62 | 24.02 ± 4.24 | − 9.481 | 0.000 | 23.97 ± 4.06 | 25.37 ± 4.99 | − 9.329 | < 0.001 |
| Education | ||||||||
| Illiterate | 376 (12.5) | 191 (14.08) | 8.267 | 0.041 | 1324 (39.14) | 803 (49.6) | 59.666 | < 0.001 |
| Less than elementary school | 2230 (74.11) | 996 (73.4) | 1785 (52.76) | 741 (45.77) | ||||
| High school | 271 (9.01) | 96 (7.07) | 208 (6.15) | 50 (3.09) | ||||
| Above vocational school | 132 (4.39) | 74 (5.45) | 66 (1.95) | 25 (1.54) | ||||
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 236 (7.84) | 168 (12.38) | 22.927 | 0.000 | 405 (11.97) | 338 (20.88) | 68.661 | < 0.001 |
| Married | 2773 (92.16) | 1189 (87.62) | 2978 (88.03) | 1281 (79.12) | ||||
| Living place | ||||||||
| Rural | 2041 (67.83) | 840 (61.9) | 14.646 | < 0.001 | 2175 (64.29) | 1007 (62.2) | 2.073 | 0.150 |
| Urban | 968 (32.17) | 517 (38.1) | 1208 (35.71) | 612 (37.8) | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| No | 742 (24.66) | 335 (24.69) | 0.503 | 0.778 | 3124 (92.34) | 1474 (91.04) | 2.502 | 0.286 |
| Former smoke | 507 (16.85) | 240 (17.69) | 65 (1.92) | 37 (2.29) | ||||
| Current smoke | 1760 (58.49) | 782 (57.63) | 194 (5.73) | 108 (6.67) | ||||
| Alcohol habit | ||||||||
| No | 1317 (43.77) | 593 (43.7) | 2.114 | 0.348 | 2935 (86.76) | 1450 (89.56) | 10.209 | 0.006 |
| Less than once a month | 346 (11.5) | 137 (10.1) | 193 (5.7) | 61 (3.77) | ||||
| More than once a month | 1346 (44.73) | 627 (46.2) | 255 (7.54) | 108 (6.67) | ||||
| Eating habit | ||||||||
| ≤ 2 meals per day | 381 (12.66) | 199 (14.66) | 3.266 | 0.195 | 434 (12.83) | 227 (14.02) | 2.06 | 0.357 |
| 3 meals per day | 2586 (85.94) | 1140 (84.01) | 2901 (85.75) | 1374 (84.87) | ||||
| ≥ 4 meals per day | 42 (1.4) | 18 (1.33) | 48 (1.42) | 18 (1.11) | ||||
| Social events | ||||||||
| No | 1458 (48.45) | 688 (50.7) | 1.887 | 0.170 | 1698 (50.19) | 798 (49.29) | 0.357 | 0.550 |
| Ye | 1551 (51.55) | 669 (49.3) | 1685 (49.81) | 821 (50.71) | ||||
| Experience of a traumatic event | ||||||||
| No | 2595 (86.24) | 1205 (88.8) | 5.422 | 0.020 | 3138 (92.76) | 1516 (93.64) | 1.310 | 0.252 |
| Yes | 414 (13.76) | 152 (11.2) | 245 (7.24) | 103 (6.36) | ||||
| Physical exercises habit | ||||||||
| No physical exercise | 1868 (62.08) | 846 (62.34) | 2031 (60.04) | 1026 (63.37) | ||||
| Less than regular physical exercises | 575 (19.11) | 244 (17.98) | 662 (19.57) | 299 (18.47) | ||||
| Regular physical exercises | 566 (18.81) | 267 (19.68) | 1.013 | 0.603 | 690 (20.4) | 294 (18.16) | 5.470 | 0.065 |
| Famine exposure | ||||||||
| No-exposed | 390 (12.96) | 112 (8.25) | 53.108 | < 0.001 | 650 (19.21) | 160 (9.88) | 251.082 | < 0.001 |
| Fetal exposed | 333 (11.07) | 126 (9.29) | 492 (14.54) | 143 (8.83) | ||||
| Childhood-exposed | 1252 (41.61) | 508 (37.44) | 1410 (41.68) | 578 (35.7) | ||||
| Adolescence/adult-exposed | 1034 (34.36) | 611 (45.03) | 831 (24.56) | 738 (45.58) | ||||
| SUA levels | ||||||||
| Normal | 2851 (94.75) | 1225 (90.27) | 30.222 | < 0.001 | 3268 (96.6) | 1500 (92.65) | 38.329 | < 0.001 |
| High | 158 (5.25) | 132 (9.73) | 115 (3.4) | 119 (7.35) | ||||
BMI, body mass index; SUA, serum uric acid