TABLE 4.

Examples of pharmacist process‐based and outcome‐based interventions

Clinical scenarios of pharmacist interventions	Type of intervention	Clinical outcome
A 62‐year old male patient with COVID‐19 suffered uncontrolled rise in body temperature. He was on Paracetamol 500 mg/8 h and Hydroxychloroquine. The pharmacist increased the dose of Paracetamol to 1000 mg tablet to be taken every 6 h	Outcome‐based intervention/adjusting the dose of a dispensed drug	The body temperature was stabilised and the patient was recovered on day 15
A 44‐year old female patient with COVID‐19 and with history of liver disease. The prescription contained Paracetamol and Oseltamivir. The pharmacist substituted Paracetamol with the combination of Paracetamol and Methionine	Process‐based intervention/substitution of a prescribed drug	The patient was recovered on day 13
A 43‐year old male patient with COVID‐19 and with history of Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency WHO class II. The prescription contained Hydroxychloroquine. The pharmacist excluded Processed Hydroxychloroquine from the patient’s treatment to prevent blood haemolysis	Process‐based intervention/removing a drug from the prescription	The patient was recovered on day 19
A 32‐year old female patient took Nifuroxazide tablets to control diarrhoea, but it was failed and even worsened. The pharmacist stopped the Nifuroxazide and dispensed a combination therapy of Ciprofloxacin and metronidazole	Outcome‐based intervention/cessation of drug therapy/initiation of new drug therapy	The diarrhoea was controlled after two days of starting the new therapy and the patient was recovered on day 15
A 64‐year old female patient with COVID‐19 and with history of diabetes mellitus type II and hypertension. The patient had high D‐dimer value and suffered from hypoxia during her daily life activity. She was on Azithromycin, vitamin C, zinc supplement, actoferrin and oral prednisone. The telepharmacy team noticed a spike in blood glucose level after seven days follow‐up. The processed intervention was stopping prednisone and further follow‐up for glucose level and oxygen saturation	Outcome‐based intervention/cessation of drug therapy	The blood glucose level got back to normal after 7 days and the patient was recovered on day 18