TABLE 4.
Linear mixed model estimates for behavioural outcomes adjusted for age, sex and race (Spring 2018–2020)
| Spring maturation change | Pandemic additional change | Summer maturation change | Pandemic additional change | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring 2019–Spring 2018 | (Spring 2020‐Spring 2019)—(Maturation) | Summer 2019–Summer 2018 | (Summer 2020‐Summer 2019)—(Maturation) | |||||||||
| Coefficient | SE | 95% CI | Coefficient | SE | 95% CI | Coefficient | SE | 95% CI | Coefficient | SE | 95% CI | |
| Physical activity (min) | ||||||||||||
| Light PA | −17.1 | 4.0 | (−25.0, −9.3) | −68.9 | 7.7 | (−83.9, −53.9) | −25.3 | 5.8 | (−36.6, −14.0) | −26.9 | 10.5 | (−47.4, −6.4) |
| MVPA | −7.5 | 1.8 | (−11.1, −3.9) | −7.9 | 3.5 | (−14.9, −1.0) | −3.9 | 2.7 | (−9.1, 1.4) | −11.4 | 4.9 | (−20.9, −1.9) |
| Sedentary behaviour (min) | 24.8 | 4.8 | (15.4, 34.3) | 78.8 | 9.3 | (60.6, 97.1) | 26.5 | 7.0 | (12.8, 40.2) | 44.2 | 12.7 | (19.3, 69.2) |
| Sleep | ||||||||||||
| Minutes asleep | −2.9 | 2.8 | (−8.4, 2.6) | 17.4 | 5.6 | (6.4, 28.4) | −17.3 | 4.2 | (−25.5, −9.0) | 35.9 | 7.8 | (20.6, 51.3) |
| Bedtime | −2.1 | 3.1 | (−8.2, 5.0) | 117.9 | 6.2 | (105.7, 130.1) | 11.6 | 4.6 | (2.5, 20.6) | 40.1 | 8.6 | (23.3, 57.0) |
| Waketime | −3.2 | 3.4 | (−9.8, 4.4) | 130.4 | 6.8 | (117.1, 143.6) | 1.0 | 5.0 | (−9.8, 10.9) | 59.5 | 9.4 | (41.1, 77.9) |
| Midpoint | −2.7 | 2.9 | (−8.4, 4.0) | 124.2 | 5.8 | (112.9, 135.5) | 6.3 | 4.3 | (−3.1, 14.7) | 49.8 | 8.0 | (34.2, 65.5) |
| Midpoint ISD | −8.0 | 6.1 | (−19.9, 3.9) | 33.4 | 11.7 | (10.5, 56.4) | −9.1 | 7.7 | (−24.2, 6.0) | 47.0 | 14.2 | (19.2, 74.8) |
| Screen time (min) | ||||||||||||
| Total ST | 22.1 | 6.2 | (9.8, 34.3) | 97.2 | 9.3 | (79.0, 115.4) | 30.7 | 5.8 | (19.4, 42.0) | 18.3 | 8.8 | (1.1, 35.4) |
| Evening ST | 19.2 | 3.4 | (12.5, 25.9) | 9.7 | 5.0 | (0.0, 19.52) | 20.9 | 3.2 | (14.7, 27.0) | −7.1 | 4.8 | (−16.4, 2.3) |
| Bedroom ST | 6.5 | 1.9 | (2.9, 10.2) | 1.6 | 2.7 | (−3.8, 6.9) | 8.4 | 1.7 | (5.0, 11.7) | −1.4 | 2.6 | (−6.5, 3.7) |
| Diet | ||||||||||||
| Healthy foods | 0.1 | 0.1 | (0.0, 0.2) | 0.3 | 0.1 | (0.2, 0.5) | 0.1 | 0.1 | (0.0, 0.2) | 0.2 | 0.1 | (0.1, 0.3) |
| Unhealthy foods | 0.1 | 0.1 | (−0.1, 0.2) | 1.2 | 0.1 | (1.0, 1.5) | 0.5 | 0.1 | (0.3, 0.6) | 0.2 | 0.1 | (0.0, 0.5) |
Note: Bolded values indicate p < 0.05. Healthy foods ranged from 0 to 3 and unhealthy foods ranged from 0 to 14 with higher values indicating greater daily consumption. Wear time was included as a covariate for PA and sedentary behaviour models. Mean minutes asleep was included as a covariate for the sleep midpoint ISD model. MVPA and Bedroom ST were winsorized at 5% due to high skew.
Abbreviation: ISD, individual standard deviation; MPVA, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity; PA, physical activity; ST, screen time.