TABLE 2.

Sleep outcomes assessed each day on school days and free days during in‐person, remote learning, and vacation (fixed effects), with participant (n = 59) as random effect. Data for other conditions are presented as relative to the mean during in‐person school days (“Reference”)

	β	Lower CI	Upper CI	P
Sleep onset time (hh:mm)
Reference: In‐person school day	22:08	21:51	22:24
In‐person free day	0:35	0:23	0:46	<.0001
Remote school day	0:26	0:17	0:34	<.0001
Remote free day	0:59	0:49	1:08	<.0001
Vacation	0:57	0:40	1:13	<.0001
Wake time (hh:mm)
Reference: In‐person school day	6:50	6:39	7:02
In‐person free day	1:05	0:54	1:16	<.0001
Remote school day	0:49	0:41	0:57	<.0001
Remote free day	1:40	1:31	1:50	<.0001
Vacation	1:20	1:04	1:36	<.0001
Sleep duration (hh:mm)
Reference: In‐person school day	8:42	8:29	8:55
In‐person free day	0:30	0:16	0:43	.0002
Remote school day	0:22	0:12	0:32	<.0001
Remote free day	0:41	0:29	0:52	<.0001
Vacation	0:23	0:04	0:43	.18

Table shows unstandardized coefficients (β) in h:mm time, lower and upper 95% confidence intervals in h:mm time, and P‐values, with significant values in bold. Comparisons are made to the in‐person school day mean. Multiple post hoc comparisons were run to examine differences between each fixed effect (see also Table S2). Daily sleep timing was measured using wrist actigraphy. 1196 sleep entries were included in the model, with 5 fixed effects coefficients, and participant as a random effect. P‐values indicate whether the metric is significantly different from zero.