Table 2.
ASR (standardised to the European Standard Population) of drug poisoning deaths, per 100 000 of the general population, with APC identified for specific change points and overall AAPC, 2004–2017, among women in Ireland
| Women | |||||
| Drug group | Period | ASR per 100 000 population at change points identified* | APC, % (95% CI) | AAPC, % (95% CI) | |
| Start | End | ||||
| All drug poisoning deaths | 2004–2017 | 4.99 | 4.84 | −0.5 (−2.2 to 1.2) | |
| Any CNS depressant drug | 2004–2012 | 4.20 | 3.21 | −0.9 (−5.1 to 3.4) | |
| 2012–2017 | 3.21 | 3.98 | 1.5 (−6.3 to 9.8) | ||
| 2004–2017 | 4.20 | 3.98 | −0.0 (−3.4 to 3.5) | ||
| Two or more CNS depressant drugs | 2004–2017 | 2.08 | 2.11 | 4.0 (1.1 to 6.9)*** | |
| Prescription opioids | 2004–2017 | 1.54 | 2.02 | 3.0 (0.7 to 5.3)*** | |
| Benzodiazepines | 2004–2017 | 1.70 | 1.67 | 3.3 (0.1 to 6.5)*** | |
| Antidepressants | 2004–2017 | 1.71 | 1.40 | 4.2 (0.2 to 8.3)*** | |
| Alcohol | 2004–2017 | 2.72 | 1.65 | −4.0 (−5.8 to −2.1)*** | |
| Cocaine | 2004–2008 | 0.08 | 0.45 | 61.1 (14.0 to 127.6)*** | |
| 2008–2011 | 0.45 | 0.04 | −56.6 (−84.1 to 18.6) | ||
| 2011–2017 | 0.04 | 0.58 | 53.8 (26.0 to 87.8)*** | ||
| 2004–2017 | 0.08 | 0.58 | 16.5 (−6.3 to 44.8) | ||
| Heroin | 2004–2017 | 0.09 | 0.47 | 7.0 (−0.2 to 14.6) | |
The APC was reported for time periods where a statistically significant trend change occurred.
Change point is a specific time period where a statistically significant trend change occurred.
Variables significant at ***p<0.001.
*ASR per 100 000 population at the start and end of the change points identified and at the start and end of the study period.
AAPC, average annual percentage change; APC, annual percentage change; ASR, age-standardised rate; CNS, Central Nervous System.