Table 3.
Associations Between Cannabis Trajectory Groups, Socioecological Factors and Opioid Misuse in Young Adulthood (age 19–26)
| Cannabis Trajectory | Opioids | Prescription Opioids | Heroin | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Non-Users | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Young Adult Onset | 1.9 (0.8, 4.3) | 1.8 (0.8, 4.1) | 2.0 (0.9, 4.8) | 2.0 (0.8, 4.9) | 1.7 (0.3, 8.2) | 1.4 (0.3, 7.2) |
| Adolescent Onset Limited | 2.5 (1.4, 4.7) | 2.2 (1.2, 4.4) | 2.1 (1.1, 4.1) | 2.1 (1.0, 4.4) | 4.8 (1.8, 12.9) | 3.4 (1.2, 10.0) |
| Adolescent Onset Chronic | 9.0 (4.7, 17.0) | 7.2 (3.6, 14.4) | 8.9 (4.6, 17.4) | 8.1 (3.9, 16.8) | 7.8 (2.7, 22.5) | 4.7 (1.5, 14.8) |
| Male Sex | 1.8 (1.1, 2.9) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.6) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.2) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.9) | 5.2 (1.8, 15.2) | 4.6 (1.5, 13.9) |
| Black Race | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) | 0.5 (0.2, 0.9) | 0.4 (0.2, 1.0) | 0.4 (0.2, 1.2) |
| Free/Reduced Price Lunch | 1.1 (0.7, 1.9) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.1) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.8) | 0.8 (0.3, 1.8) |
| Intervention Group | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7) | 0.9 (0.4, 2.0) | 0.9 (0.4, 2.1) |
| Violence Exposure | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.7) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.9) | 1.5 (0.7, 3.4) | 0.8 (0.3, 2.2) |
| Early Alcohol Use | 1.9 (1.1, 3.3) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.6) | 1.7 (0.9, 3.0) | 1.3 (0.6, 2.5) | 3.0 (1.0, 8.9) | 2.0 (0.6, 6.8) |
| Early Tobacco Use | 1.8 (1.2, 2.9) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.4) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) | 2.6 (1.2, 5.6) | 1.2 (0.5, 3.2) |
| Deviant Peer Affiliation | 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | 1.7 (1.0, 2.7) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.2) |
| Neighborhood Disorder | 1.3 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | 1.4 (0.8, 2.5) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) |