Figure 4.

The effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) on epidermal stem cell (EpSC) differentiation, migration and apoptosis in vitro. Cultured EpSCs were treated with different conditions according to the groups. The levels of EpSC surface markers (a, b) and intracellular markers (c, d) were analysed using flow cytometry 24 hours post-treatment. (e) Typical images of cell migration and recovery in scratched areas at 24 hours (H24) and 48 hours (H48). The red dashed line shows the leading edge of migrating cells. Scale bars: 100 μm. (f) Quantitation of the remaining area that has not yet been covered (n = 6 per group). (g) Apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin V/3,8-Diamino-5-[3-(diethylmethylammonio) propyl]-6-phenylphenanthridinium diiodide (PI) staining. (h) Quantitation of the late apoptosis rate. Statistical analysis: ^**p < 0.01, ^*p < 0.05. CD71 transferrin receptor, CD49f α6-integrin, TA cells transient amplifying cells, PMD cells post-mitotic differentiating cells, K10 Keratin 10, K14 Keratin 14, K15 Keratin 15, H0 0 hour, ns no significance