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. 2021 Jul 21;5(9):nzab101. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzab101

TABLE 8.

Stool nucleotide, cofactor, and vitamin and xenobiotic metabolites significantly modulated by RB supplementation compared with control at 12 mo of age1

Chemical class Metabolic pathway Metabolite HMDB2 Fold-difference3 P 4 q Value5
Nucleotides Purine metabolism, (hypo)xanthine/inosine containing Xanthosine** HMDB00299 0.35↓ 0.011 0.67
Purine metabolism, adenine containing N6-dimethylallyladenine — 0.44↓ 0.005 0.61
Pyrimidine metabolism, uracil containing 5-methyluridine (ribothymidine)** HMDB00884 0.37↓ 0.029 0.87
Cofactors and vitamins Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism Nicotinamide** HMDB01406 1.82↑ 0.004 0.57
Hemoglobin and porphyrin metabolism L-urobilin HMDB04159 0.41↓ 0.047 0.99
Vitamin B-6 metabolism Pyridoxine (vitamin B-6)** HMDB02075 4.65↑ 0.001 0.25
Xenobiotics Xanthine metabolism Caffeic acid sulfate HMDB41708 2.18↑ 0.040 0.99
Food component/plant Retinal HMDB01358 0.71↓ 0.009 0.67
Coumaroylquinate (4) — 1.40↑ 0.031 0.87
Ferulylglycine (1) — 2.32↑ 0.041 0.99
Quinate** HMDB03072 2.92↑ 0.045 0.99
1,2-dilinolenoyl-digalactosylglycerol (18:3/18:3) — 0.49↓ 0.008 0.63
1-palmitoyl-2-linolenoyl-digalactosylglycerol (16:0/18:3) — 0.40↓ 0.021 0.81
Drug 2-hydroxyacetaminophen sulfate* — 3.16↑ 0.009 0.67
2-methoxyacetaminophen sulfate* — 2.57↑ 0.048 0.99
Clotrimazole HMDB01922 0.52↓ 0.020 0.81
Loratadine HMDB05000 1.21↑ 0.011 0.67
2-acetamidophenol sulfate — 2.62↑ 0.000 0.12
Chemical 4-thiouracil — 0.52↓ 0.021 0.81
1

Metabolites with statistically significant differences between RB and control groups are shown. *Indicates compounds with level 2 annotation that have not been officially confirmed based on a standard but have relative confidence for identity. **Indicates dual identification from RB food metabolome. Upward arrows indicate increased fold-difference in RB compared to control. Downward arrows indicate decreased fold-difference in RB compared to control. RB, rice bran.

2

HMDB refers to the Human Metabolome Database. Access numbers are provided for each metabolite identified in the database.

3

Fold-difference between study groups was calculated by dividing the scaled relative abundance of RB vs. control.

4

Stool P values calculated by ANOVA.

5

q-Value threshold accounts for false-discovery rate.