Table 2.

Multiple Linear Regression Results of the Association Between Predictors and Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 (N=148)

Variables	Model 1	(R2 = 0.1479)
	Parameter estimate (β)	P value
Population ages 65 and abovea	0.0039	0.0193
Population densityb	0.0006	0.1168
Health expenditure as a percentage of GDPc	0.0039	0.0237
NCD-caused deathsd	0.0008	0.7720
Healthcare workforcee	-0.0010	0.2958
Hospital bedsf	-0.0028	0.0116
Democracy Indexg	-0.0004	0.1747

^aPercentage of the population ages 65 and above

^bPopulation per km² of the country’s surface area

^cHealth expenditure as a percentage of the gross domestic product

^dPercentage of deaths caused by non-communicable diseases of total deaths

^eTotal number of medical doctors, nurses, and midwives per 10,000 population

^fNumber of hospital beds per 1000 population

^gDemocracy Index score (0–10)