Table 2A.

Maximum likelihood estimates of country fixed effects in the extended sample selection model

Variables	(i) Unconstrained				(ii) Constrained
	HIi	HIni	PV for HIi	PV for HIni	HIi	HIni	PV for HIi	PV for HIni
France	− 0.052	− 0.029	0.255***	0.336***	− 0.050	− 0.018	0.279***	0.279***
	(0.041)	(0.042)	(0.048)	(0.077)	(0.042)	(0.043)	(0.052)	(0.052)
Belgium	− 0.187***	− 0.211***	0.306***	0.506***	− 0.186***	− 0.195***	0.406***	0.406***
	(0.049)	(0.038)	(0.063)	(0.068)	(0.049)	(0.037)	(0.058)	(0.058)
The Netherlands	0.112*	− 0.077	− 0.097*	− 0.109	0.117**	− 0.069	− 0.121*	− 0.121*
	(0.058)	(0.053)	(0.052)	(0.092)	(0.059)	(0.049)	(0.065)	(0.065)
Germany	− 0.198***	− 0.107***	0.276***	0.241***	− 0.193***	− 0.099***	0.267***	0.267***
	(0.048)	(0.035)	(0.050)	(0.084)	(0.049)	(0.034)	(0.057)	(0.057)
Italy	0.072*	0.119***	0.233***	0.275***	0.074*	0.129***	0.245***	0.245***
	(0.040)	(0.045)	(0.044)	(0.089)	(0.040)	(0.046)	(0.054)	(0.054)
Luxembourg	− 0.136***	0.044**	0.362***	0.398***	− 0.131***	0.055***	0.368***	0.368***
	(0.049)	(0.018)	(0.030)	(0.061)	(0.051)	(0.018)	(0.045)	(0.045)
Denmark	0.045	− 0.332***	− 0.054	− 0.020	0.051	− 0.314***	− 0.056	− 0.056
	(0.053)	(0.048)	(0.078)	(0.083)	(0.055)	(0.042)	(0.060)	(0.060)
Ireland	− 0.067	− 0.074*	0.057	0.232***	− 0.067	− 0.063	0.136**	0.136**
	(0.046)	(0.044)	(0.059)	(0.068)	(0.047)	(0.043)	(0.060)	(0.060)
United Kingdom	− 0.169***	− 0.256***	0.050	0.036	− 0.164***	− 0.249***	0.055	0.055
	(0.054)	(0.051)	(0.039)	(0.072)	(0.056)	(0.052)	(0.046)	(0.046)
Greece	− 0.208***	− 0.330***	− 0.255***	− 0.343***	− 0.204***	− 0.325***	− 0.280***	− 0.280***
	(0.038)	(0.074)	(0.079)	(0.076)	(0.037)	(0.076)	(0.058)	(0.058)
Spain	− 0.234***	− 0.411***	0.145**	0.178**	− 0.231***	− 0.399***	0.177***	0.177***
	(0.046)	(0.067)	(0.069)	(0.078)	(0.045)	(0.066)	(0.064)	(0.064)
Portugal	− 0.203***	− 0.023	0.063	0.027	− 0.199***	− 0.013	0.059	0.059
	(0.053)	(0.036)	(0.046)	(0.078)	(0.054)	(0.033)	(0.060)	(0.060)
Finland	− 0.148***	− 0.053	− 0.260***	− 0.690***	− 0.135***	− 0.054	− 0.443***	− 0.443***
	(0.047)	(0.037)	(0.036)	(0.092)	(0.050)	(0.036)	(0.059)	(0.059)
Sweden	− 0.089	− 0.281***	− 0.342***	− 0.417***	− 0.083	− 0.276***	− 0.381***	− 0.381***
	(0.060)	(0.062)	(0.080)	(0.090)	(0.062)	(0.061)	(0.078)	(0.078)
Austria	− 0.141***	0.041	0.338***	0.309***	− 0.136***	0.048	0.329***	0.329***
	(0.045)	(0.040)	(0.057)	(0.085)	(0.045)	(0.040)	(0.062)	(0.062)
Cyprus (Republic)	− 0.273***	− 0.265***	− 0.017	0.257***	− 0.274***	− 0.251***	0.153***	0.153***
	(0.021)	(0.015)	(0.039)	(0.071)	(0.021)	(0.016)	(0.049)	(0.049)
Czech Republic	− 0.197***	− 0.102*	0.209***	0.064	− 0.190***	− 0.096*	0.139**	0.139**
	(0.072)	(0.055)	(0.054)	(0.076)	(0.073)	(0.057)	(0.056)	(0.056)
Estonia	− 0.322***	− 0.267***	− 0.229***	− 0.423***	− 0.314***	− 0.264***	− 0.313***	− 0.313***
	(0.032)	(0.017)	(0.032)	(0.060)	(0.033)	(0.018)	(0.044)	(0.044)
Hungary	0.052	0.195***	0.034	0.170**	0.053	0.205***	0.088	0.088
	(0.043)	(0.039)	(0.052)	(0.071)	(0.042)	(0.039)	(0.055)	(0.055)
Latvia	− 0.361***	− 0.285***	0.085**	− 0.171***	− 0.353***	− 0.282***	− 0.023	− 0.023
	(0.024)	(0.021)	(0.035)	(0.063)	(0.025)	(0.020)	(0.045)	(0.045)
Lithuania	− 0.329***	− 0.106***	− 0.025	− 0.129**	− 0.324***	− 0.098***	− 0.070	− 0.070
	(0.021)	(0.027)	(0.030)	(0.059)	(0.022)	(0.024)	(0.043)	(0.043)
Malta	− 0.216***	− 0.002	0.275***	0.130**	− 0.208***	0.005	0.201***	0.201***
	(0.030)	(0.019)	(0.030)	(0.061)	(0.031)	(0.018)	(0.044)	(0.044)
Poland	− 0.218***	− 0.181***	0.292***	0.195**	− 0.214***	− 0.174***	0.247***	0.247***
	(0.050)	(0.037)	(0.036)	(0.083)	(0.050)	(0.038)	(0.054)	(0.054)
Slovakia	0.022	0.122**	0.086	0.089	0.026	0.131***	0.077	0.077
	(0.056)	(0.049)	(0.067)	(0.069)	(0.056)	(0.050)	(0.064)	(0.064)
Slovenia	− 0.261***	− 0.031	− 0.411***	− 0.206***	− 0.261***	− 0.022	− 0.275***	− 0.275***
	(0.043)	(0.045)	(0.074)	(0.062)	(0.042)	(0.045)	(0.051)	(0.051)
Bulgaria	− 0.108**	− 0.067	0.115**	− 0.015	− 0.105**	− 0.061	0.053	0.053
	(0.047)	(0.054)	(0.058)	(0.071)	(0.047)	(0.052)	(0.051)	(0.051)
Romania	− 0.104***	0.044	− 0.009	− 0.008	− 0.101***	0.055	− 0.017	− 0.017
	(0.039)	(0.043)	(0.047)	(0.080)	(0.038)	(0.042)	(0.056)	(0.056)

Note: The table reports the estimated coefficients for the country-specific dummy variables in the extended sample selection model specified in Eqs. (1)-(4). See notes below Table 2