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. 2021 Sep 7;7:81. doi: 10.1038/s41421-021-00316-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Schematic of human blastoid formation. EPS cells were firstly induced to TE-like cells, and then TE-like cells were mixed with EPS cells and seeded together to AgreeWell on day 0. The aggregates further differentiated and organized into a human EPS-blastoid. b Phase-contrast images of human aggregates in the indicated days showing the formation of human blastoids from day 0 to day 6. Scale bar = 5 μm. c Derivation efficiency of human blastoids is about 1.9% that significantly lower than the developmental efficiency of human blastocysts. d Phase-contrast image of human blastoids on day 6, Scale bar = 50 μm. e Phase-contrast image of human EPS-blastoid (upper) and human blastocyst (lower). Red line indicated inner cell mass (ICM) of the structure and the outer layer cells represented trophoblast cells (TE). Scale bar = 50 μm. f–h Mean diameter (f), total cell number (g), and ICM cell ratio (h) were quantified between human EPS-blastoids and blastocyst. n = 30 EPS-blastoids, n = 30 blastocyst. Data in c, data are means ± SD (n = 12 blastoids). **P < 0.001. Data in e, data are means ± SD (n = 12 blastoids). P > 0.05. Data in f and g, data are means ± SD (n = 12 blastoids). *P < 0.05. Data in h, data are numbers (n = 40 blastoids, 40 blastocysts), **P < 0.001.