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. 2021 Sep 6;12(9):837. doi: 10.1038/s41419-021-03984-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — A–C Complex I deficient cells showed decreased ATP level (A) and increased glucose uptake (B), lactate secretion (C) compared with that in control cells. (n = 3), **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001. D Levels of PDH and p-PDH protein in NC and ROT cells. E Confocal photography showed the levels of PDH (green) and DAPI (blue) in the cytoplasm and nucleus in NC and ROT cells. Magnified areas taken at ×5 magnification, scale bar: 10 μm. Relative fluorescence intensity was shown. (n = 5), ****P < 0.0001. F Study of PDH expression in extracted nucleus and cytoplasm of NC and ROT cells by western blot. G Levels of H3K9ac and H3k56ac protein in NC and ROT cells, Relative protein levels of H3K56ac were normalized to H3 (n = 3), *P < 0.05. H Mechanism for DCA-mediated increase in histone acetylation. I Western blot analysis of PDH, H3K9ac, H3k56ac, DNA repair protein in NC cells and ROT cells with or without DCA (5 mM) for 6 h and 24 h in ROT group. Data are presented as the means ± s.e.m.