Table 1.
Age-standardized summary exposure value rates of dietary risks related to colorectal cancer and annualized rate of changes.
| Location | Sex | Age-standardized SEV rate (95% UI) | ARC (%) (95% UI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2019 | 1990–2010 | 2010–2019 | 1990–2019 | ||
| Global | Both | 51.31 (40.44–62.42) | 47.1 (35.39–59.62) | −0.06 (−0.1–0.03) | −0.02 (−0.04–0.01) | −0.08 (−0.14–0.04) |
| Female | 48.52 (38.08–60.29) | 43.53 (32.43–56.78) | −0.08 (−0.12–0.04) | −0.03 (−0.05–0.01) | −0.1 (−0.16–0.05) | |
| Male | 54.21 (43.11–64.75) | 50.78 (38.2–62.65) | −0.04 (−0.09–0.02) | −0.02 (−0.04–0.01) | −0.06 (−0.12–0.03) | |
| Sociodemographic Index | ||||||
| High SDI | Both | 43.59 (33.19–55.53) | 41.11 (28.52–54.36) | −0.05 (−0.13–0) | −0.01 (−0.03–0.01) | −0.06 (−0.15–0) |
| Female | 40.93 (31.33–53.31) | 36.13 (26.05–49.54) | −0.11 (−0.17–0.05) | −0.01 (−0.03–0.01) | −0.12 (−0.19–−0.05) | |
| Male | 46.36 (35.27–57.83) | 46 (30.89–59.21) | 0 (−0.11–0.07) | −0.01 (−0.04–0.02) | −0.01 (−0.13–0.06) | |
| High–middle SDI | Both | 56.53 (46.59–65.64) | 55.03 (44.56–64.09) | −0.03 (−0.06–0.01) | 0 (−0.01–0.02) | −0.03 (−0.06–0) |
| Female | 51.96 (42.75–61.87) | 50.18 (40.43–60.01) | −0.04 (−0.07–0.01) | 0 (−0.02–0.02) | −0.03 (−0.08–0) | |
| Male | 61.49 (50.72–69.89) | 60.06 (49.12–68.54) | −0.03 (−0.06–0) | 0 (−0.01–0.02) | −0.02 (−0.06–0.01) | |
| Low SDI | Both | 37.34 (23.04–59.49) | 35.02 (22.2–57.69) | −0.05 (−0.11–0) | −0.01 (−0.03–0) | −0.06 (−0.13–0.01) |
| Female | 37.44 (22.61–59.8) | 34.8 (21.63–58.65) | −0.06 (−0.13–0.01) | −0.01 (−0.03–0.01) | −0.07 (−0.15–0.01) | |
| Male | 37.24 (23.14–59.09) | 35.26 (22.87–56.95) | −0.04 (−0.1–0.02) | −0.01 (−0.04–0.02) | −0.05 (−0.12–0.02) | |
| Low–middle SDI | Both | 44.59 (32.17–58.16) | 42.49 (28.81–57.02) | −0.01 (−0.05–0.01) | −0.04 (−0.07–0.01) | −0.05 (−0.11–0.01) |
| Female | 42.55 (30.37–56.98) | 39.15 (26.12–55.07) | −0.03 (−0.07–0.01) | −0.05 (−0.1–0.01) | −0.08 (−0.15–0.03) | |
| Male | 46.55 (33.84–59.44) | 45.91 (31.67–59.41) | 0.01 (−0.04–0.04) | −0.02 (−0.05–0) | −0.01 (−0.07–0.02) | |
| Middle SDI | Both | 59.93 (49.6–68.46) | 51.28 (39.84–61.83) | −0.11 (−0.16–0.07) | −0.04 (−0.06–0.02) | −0.14 (−0.21–0.09) |
| Female | 57.31 (46.72–66.69) | 48.15 (36.93–59.31) | −0.12 (−0.18–0.08) | −0.04 (−0.07–0.02) | −0.16 (−0.23–0.1) | |
| Male | 62.56 (52.55–70.53) | 54.52 (42.45–64.62) | −0.1 (−0.15–0.05) | −0.04 (−0.07–0.01) | −0.13 (−0.2–0.07) | |
| Region | ||||||
| Andean Latin America | Both | 34.85 (20.33–50.29) | 33.57 (19.65–49) | −0.04 (−0.11–0.03) | 0 (−0.05–0.04) | −0.04 (−0.13–0.04) |
| Female | 30.66 (18.96–46.79) | 28.67 (17.36–43.96) | −0.06 (−0.14–0.01) | −0.01 (−0.06–0.04) | −0.06 (−0.16–0.01) | |
| Male | 39.19 (21.36–54.5) | 38.69 (20.97–54.56) | −0.02 (−0.13–0.09) | 0.01 (−0.06–0.08) | −0.01 (−0.15–0.12) | |
| Australasia | Both | 37.52 (27.78–51) | 36.01 (26.13–50.6) | −0.04 (−0.13–0.03) | 0 (−0.05–0.04) | −0.04 (−0.14–0.04) |
| Female | 32.83 (25.18–45.45) | 31.92 (23.79–45.38) | −0.02 (−0.08–0.05) | −0.01 (−0.05–0.04) | −0.03 (−0.1–0.06) | |
| Male | 42.22 (28.54–57.53) | 40.26 (26.54–56.91) | −0.05 (−0.18–0.07) | 0 (−0.08–0.08) | −0.05 (−0.2–0.1) | |
| Caribbean | Both | 25.66 (16.87–39.73) | 24.11 (15.38–38.5) | −0.07 (−0.12–0.02) | 0.01 (−0.02–0.04) | −0.06 (−0.12–0) |
| Female | 23.09 (15.35–36.12) | 21.4 (13.96–34.93) | −0.08 (−0.12–0.02) | 0 (−0.03–0.04) | −0.07 (−0.13–0) | |
| Male | 28.39 (17.38–43.83) | 26.99 (15.74–42.52) | −0.06 (−0.13–0.01) | 0.01 (−0.03–0.06) | −0.05 (−0.13–0.04) | |
| Central Asia | Both | 52.7 (39.2–65.64) | 39.09 (25.51–54.89) | −0.25 (−0.35–0.15) | −0.02 (−0.05–0.02) | −0.26 (−0.37–0.16) |
| Female | 43.02 (29.72–58.75) | 31.31 (21.09–46.88) | −0.26 (−0.36–0.17) | −0.02 (−0.05–0.01) | −0.27 (−0.38–0.18) | |
| Male | 63.58 (49.64–74.23) | 47.6 (29.71–63.67) | −0.24 (−0.41–0.13) | −0.01 (−0.07–0.03) | −0.25 (−0.43–0.13) | |
| Central Europe | Both | 67.6 (56–75.98) | 59.85 (44.49–71.19) | −0.1 (−0.2–0.04) | −0.01 (−0.04–0) | −0.11 (−0.22–0.05) |
| Female | 59.12 (44.86–71.08) | 46.08 (27.5–62.54) | −0.19 (−0.35–0.08) | −0.04 (−0.08–0.01) | −0.22 (−0.39–0.1) | |
| Male | 76.48 (67.73–81.72) | 74.02 (61.69–81.05) | −0.03 (−0.11–0.01) | 0 (−0.03–0.03) | −0.03 (−0.11–0.01) | |
| Central Latin America | Both | 40.57 (25.34–55.43) | 40.17 (25.06–55.13) | 0.01 (−0.04–0.1) | −0.02 (−0.08–0.02) | −0.01 (−0.07–0.06) |
| Female | 34.81 (20.25–50.86) | 34.23 (19.85–50.49) | 0.04 (−0.05–0.17) | −0.05 (−0.16–0.02) | −0.02 (−0.09–0.06) | |
| Male | 46.68 (30.43–60.42) | 46.83 (30.35–60.67) | 0 (−0.08–0.08) | 0.01 (−0.04–0.06) | 0 (−0.08–0.11) | |
| Central Sub–Saharan Africa | Both | 26.55 (17.71–48.61) | 28.18 (18.82–52.39) | 0.08 (−0.01–0.17) | −0.01 (−0.07–0.04) | 0.06 (−0.03–0.17) |
| Female | 26.09 (17.37–47.7) | 28.18 (18.8–51.84) | 0.09 (−0.03–0.21) | −0.01 (−0.1–0.06) | 0.08 (−0.05–0.22) | |
| Male | 27.04 (17.75–49.98) | 28.21 (18.75–52.7) | 0.06 (−0.06–0.18) | −0.02 (−0.08–0.05) | 0.04 (−0.08–0.18) | |
| East Asia | Both | 80.99 (74.41–84.33) | 76.33 (68.25–81.08) | −0.05 (−0.08–0.01) | −0.01 (−0.03–0) | −0.06 (−0.1–0.02) |
| Female | 79.15 (71.96–83.25) | 74 (64.71–79.75) | −0.05 (−0.11–0.01) | −0.02 (−0.05–0.01) | −0.07 (−0.13–0.02) | |
| Male | 82.96 (76.74–86.27) | 78.78 (71.59–83.12) | −0.04 (−0.08–0.01) | −0.01 (−0.03–0.01) | −0.05 (−0.09–0.01) | |
| Eastern Europe | Both | 43.15 (30.05–58.2) | 39.79 (26.46–55.74) | −0.08 (−0.16–0.01) | 0 (−0.05–0.04) | −0.08 (−0.18–0) |
| Female | 37.28 (26.46–52.94) | 33.83 (22.53–50.22) | −0.09 (−0.18–0.02) | 0 (−0.06–0.05) | −0.09 (−0.2–0) | |
| Male | 50.21 (33.45–66.06) | 46.78 (30.02–63.07) | −0.07 (−0.18–0.04) | 0 (−0.07–0.07) | −0.07 (−0.2–0.06) | |
| Eastern Sub–Saharan Africa | Both | 46.86 (24.44–75.94) | 36.02 (20.74–65.92) | −0.21 (−0.33–0.09) | −0.02 (−0.05–0.01) | −0.23 (−0.35–0.1) |
| Female | 49.79 (24.05–80.2) | 40.23 (20.7–74.68) | −0.19 (−0.32–0.06) | 0 (−0.04–0.02) | −0.19 (−0.32–0.07) | |
| Male | 43.75 (24.71–71.33) | 31.58 (20.38–57.02) | −0.24 (−0.36–0.09) | −0.05 (−0.1–0.02) | −0.28 (−0.41–0.1) | |
| High–income Asia Pacific | Both | 66.23 (53.14–74.48) | 48 (31.29–61.12) | −0.25 (−0.39–0.15) | −0.03 (−0.07–0) | −0.28 (−0.42–0.17) |
| Female | 61.7 (46.29–72.14) | 42.07 (25.57–56.85) | −0.29 (−0.44–0.18) | −0.03 (−0.08–0.01) | −0.32 (−0.47–0.2) | |
| Male | 70.97 (59.42–77.39) | 53.83 (36.51–66.01) | −0.21 (−0.37–0.12) | −0.04 (−0.09–0.01) | −0.24 (−0.4–0.13) | |
| High–income North America | Both | 34.19 (24.34–48.18) | 39.48 (26.2–53.68) | 0.16 (0.04–0.29) | −0.01 (−0.05–0.04) | 0.15 (0.03–0.3) |
| Female | 34.64 (24.21–49.58) | 34.06 (23.53–48.92) | −0.02 (−0.08–0.06) | 0 (−0.05–0.05) | −0.02 (−0.1–0.08) | |
| Male | 33.76 (24.58–46.87) | 45.08 (28.34–59.42) | 0.35 (0.11–0.57) | −0.01 (−0.08–0.05) | 0.34 (0.09–0.57) | |
| North Africa and Middle East | Both | 20.72 (14.91–30.26) | 19.53 (13.84–29.24) | −0.07 (−0.12–0.04) | 0.02 (−0.01–0.04) | −0.06 (−0.11–0.01) |
| Female | 19.45(14.45–26.62) | 17.75(13.09–24.64) | −0.1(−0.15–0.05) | 0.01(−0.03–0.06) | −0.09(−0.14–0.04) | |
| Male | 21.92(14.5–34.32) | 21.15(13.61–33.87) | −0.05(−0.11–0) | 0.02(−0.01–0.05) | −0.04(−0.1–0.03) | |
| Oceania | Both | 30.66(24.11–40.92) | 30.95(22.03–43.22) | 0.02(−0.08–0.1) | −0.01(−0.06–0.03) | 0.01(−0.11–0.1) |
| Female | 29.16(22.47–39.62) | 29.2(20.74–42.23) | 0.01(−0.1–0.11) | −0.01(−0.06–0.04) | 0(−0.13–0.12) | |
| Male | 32.11(25.29–42.1) | 32.59(23.11–44.73) | 0.03(−0.09–0.13) | −0.01(−0.08–0.05) | 0.02(−0.13–0.13) | |
| South Asia | Both | 39.71(26.36–54.17) | 40.5(25.87–54.9) | 0.04(0–0.08) | −0.02(−0.04–0) | 0.02(−0.04–0.06) |
| Female | 38.84(25.83–54.13) | 36.77(23.47–52.52) | −0.01(−0.05–0.02) | −0.04(−0.08–0.01) | −0.05(−0.11–0.01) | |
| Male | 40.51(26.81–54.63) | 44.17(28.35–57.92) | 0.09(0.04–0.16) | 0(−0.02–0.02) | 0.09(0.03–0.16) | |
| Southeast Asia | Both | 58.55(42.01–69.9) | 45.37(27.48–60.3) | −0.18(−0.3–0.1) | −0.05(−0.11–0.02) | −0.23(−0.36–0.13) |
| Female | 54.6(36.02–68.21) | 41.71(23.8–58.31) | −0.2(−0.33–0.11) | −0.05(−0.11–0.01) | −0.24(−0.38–0.13) | |
| Male | 62.86(47.66–72.66) | 49.37(31.39–62.91) | −0.17(−0.29–0.08) | −0.06(−0.12–0.02) | −0.21(−0.36–0.12) | |
| Southern Latin America | Both | 43.77(29.56–58.37) | 40.91(26.41–56.1) | −0.07(−0.15–0.01) | 0(−0.04–0.05) | −0.07(−0.16–0.01) |
| Female | 39.33(27.31–54.71) | 35.97(24.23–52.03) | −0.08(−0.16–0) | −0.01(−0.06–0.03) | −0.09(−0.18–0.01) | |
| Male | 48.51(31.25–63.07) | 46.18(28–60.93) | −0.06(−0.17–0.03) | 0.02(−0.05–0.09) | −0.05(−0.17–0.07) | |
| Southern Sub–Saharan Africa | Both | 40.07(23.86–70.07) | 36.12(23.76–64.14) | −0.1(−0.2–0.03) | 0(−0.04–0.04) | −0.1(−0.21–0.04) |
| Female | 38.44(23.49–69.9) | 35.77(23.48–64.94) | −0.07(−0.18–0.04) | 0(−0.05–0.05) | −0.07(−0.19–0.05) | |
| Male | 41.83(24.08–70.97) | 36.47(23.83–63.53) | −0.12(−0.26–0.03) | −0.01(−0.07–0.06) | −0.13(−0.27–0.04) | |
| Tropical Latin America | Both | 39.61(24.74–55.19) | 39.26(25.4–53.72) | −0.02(−0.11–0.1) | 0.01(−0.04–0.07) | −0.01(−0.11–0.13) |
| Female | 35.99(23.24–52.14) | 35.61(24.65–50.05) | −0.03(−0.13–0.08) | 0.01(−0.04–0.08) | −0.01(−0.13–0.12) | |
| Male | 43.47(25.11–59.45) | 43.23(25.38–59.13) | −0.01(−0.15–0.17) | 0(−0.09–0.1) | −0.01(−0.16–0.19) | |
| Western Europe | Both | 36.27(25.75–50.06) | 37.97(25.95–52.05) | 0.01(−0.03–0.05) | 0.03(0–0.06) | 0.05(−0.02–0.1) |
| Female | 31.42(23.33–44.81) | 31.91(22.9–45.72) | −0.01(−0.04–0.04) | 0.02(−0.01–0.06) | 0.02(−0.04–0.08) | |
| Male | 41.29(27.23–56.2) | 44.1(28.37–59.18) | 0.03(−0.04–0.09) | 0.04(0–0.09) | 0.07(−0.01–0.15) | |
| Western Sub–Saharan Africa | Both | 30.54(18.61–59.9) | 30.01(17.41–60.69) | −0.02(−0.08–0.04) | 0(−0.03–0.04) | −0.02(−0.09–0.05) |
| Female | 30.09(18.45–59.04) | 29.58(17.24–60.32) | −0.02(−0.08–0.05) | 0(−0.03–0.04) | −0.02(−0.09–0.07) | |
| Male | 30.96 (18.6–60.85) | 30.48(17.53–60.57) | −0.02(−0.1–0.05) | 0.01(−0.03–0.05) | −0.02(−0.11–0.08) | |
ARC, annualized rate of change; SEV, summary exposure value; SDI, socio–demographic index; UI, uncertainty interval.