Table 3.
Comparison of patient groups in terms of clinical and laboratory findings
| MIS-C (n = 154) | KD (n = 59) | sJIA-MAS (n = 31) | p value (MIS-C vs KD) | p value (MIS-C vs sJIA-MAS) | p value (KD vs sJIA-MAS) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic findings | ||||||
| Age at diagnosis, years | 8.2 (1–20) | 3 (0.5–14.5) | 12 (1–18) | < 0.001 | 0.01 | < 0.001 |
| Gender (female/male) | 101/53 | 38/21 | 17/14 | 0.87 | 0.25 | 0.37 |
| Clinical findings | ||||||
| Fever, n (%) | 154 (100) | 59 (100) | 31 (100) | 0.41 | 0.46 | 0.37 |
| Duration of fever, days | 5 (2–14) | 8 (3–12) | 14 (3–60) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Arthritis, n (%) | 14 (9.1) | 2 (3.3) | 12 (38.7) | 0.24 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Myalgia, n (%) | 61 (39.6) | 12 (20.3) | 5 (16.1) | < 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.62 |
| Rash, n (%) | 93 (60.3) | 48 (81.3) | 25 (80.6) | 0.004 | < 0.001 | 0.57 |
| Conjunctivitis, n (%) | 95 (61.6) | 54 (91.5) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Cracked and erythematous lips, n (%) | 80 (51.9) | 46 (77.9) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Strawberry tongue, n (%) | 62 (40.3) | 43 (72.8) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Extremity changes, n (%) | 27 (17.5) | 34 (57.6) | 3 (9.7) | < 0.001 | 0.27 | < 0.001 |
| Lymphadenopathy, n (%) | 53 (34.4) | 38 (64.4) | 6 (19.3) | < 0.001 | 0.56 | 0.001 |
| Hepatomegaly, n (%) | 14 (9.1) | 1 (1.7) | 20 (64.5) | 0.07 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Splenomegaly, n (%) | 5 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 18 (58.1) | 0.32 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Cardiac involvement, n (%) | 78 (50.6) | 16 (27.1) | 8 (25.8) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.56 |
| Gastrointestinal involvement, n (%) | 112 (72.7) | 15 (25.4) | 1 (3.2) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Hematologic involvement, n (%) | 36 (23.3) | 5 (8.4) | 9 (29) | < 0.001 | 0.51 | 0.01 |
| Renal involvement, n (%) | 13 (8.4) | 2 (3.4) | 3 (9.7) | 0.24 | 0.56 | 0.33 |
| Neurologic involvement, n (%) | 34 (22.1) | 5 (8.5) | 3 (9.7) | 0.01 | 0.22 | 0.37 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||
| White blood counts (cells/µl)a | 9890 (2940–29,900) | 14,200 (4010–47,760) | 11,280 (1700–19,760) | < 0.001 | 0.59 | 0.005 |
| Lymphocyte counts (cells/µl)a | 950 (200–3740) | 1700 (830–6870) | 1100 (190–4300) | < 0.001 | 0.06 | < 0.001 |
| Platelet counts (cells/µl)a | 173,000 (49,000–788,000) | 355,000 (111,000–813,000) | 176,000 (93,000–445,000) | < 0.001 | 0.82 | 0.003 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11 (7.5–16.4) | 11.2 (7.8–13) | 9.2 (7.1–13.6) | 0.67 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L)a | 151 (20–327) | 64 (6.1–250) | 100 (24–336) | < 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.06 |
| Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/h)a | 40 (5–97) | 57 (7–115) | 31 (5–110) | 0.05 | 0.51 | 0.07 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL)a | 440 (98–30,285) | 170 (29–1006) | 10,442 (6440–144,797) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL)a | 2.6 (0.1–100) | 3 (0.1–4.3) | 0.9 (0.05–2.7) | < 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.58 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL)a | 2.7 (1–69) | 1.7 (0–28) | 5.4 (0.2–80) | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.02 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 482 (125–768) | 644 (511–919) | 238 (121–486) | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| NT-pro- brain natriuretic peptide. (pg/mL)a | 1108 (15–35,000) | 55 (12–4659) | NA | < 0.001 | NA | NA |
| Albumin (g/dL)a | 3.1 (1.9–4.3) | 3.3 (2–4.4) | 3.1 (1.7–4.7) | 0.04 | 0.61 | 0.03 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)a | 32 (9–1098) | 26 (9–949) | 68 (22–1171) | 0.12 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)a | 19 (8–210) | 28 (8–822) | 48 (8–344) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.18 |
| Urea (mg/dL)a | 22 (5–162) | 11 (2–38) | 11 (2–94) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.12 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL)a | 0.4 (0.2–2.2) | 0.3 (0.09–0.8) | 0.4 (0.2–1.5) | 0.16 | 0.76 | 0.16 |
MIS-C multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; KD Kawasaki Disease, sJIA systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis; MAS macrophage activating syndrome; NA not available
aData was expressed as median (minimum–maximum)