Table 2. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for OS.
| Factors | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis‡ | Multivariate analysis§ | Multivariate analysis¶ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | ||||
| Age | 0.996 (0.978–1.015) | 0.711 | |||||||||
| Race | |||||||||||
| White | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| Black | 1.096 (0.825–1.456) | 0.528 | 1.216 (0.910–1.625) | 0.186 | 1.187 (0.888–1.585) | 0.247 | 1.146 (0.858–1.531) | 0.357 | |||
| Others†/NOS | 0.719 (0.559–0.926) | 0.011* | 0.723 (0.558–0.937) | 0.014* | 0.729 (0.563–0.945) | 0.017* | 0.724 (0.559–0.938) | 0.015* | |||
| Gender | |||||||||||
| Male | Reference | ||||||||||
| Female | 1.085 (0.892–1.320) | 0.416 | |||||||||
| Insurance | |||||||||||
| Yes | Reference | ||||||||||
| No/unknown | 1.034 (0.843–1.268) | 0.750 | |||||||||
| Marital status | |||||||||||
| Married | Reference | ||||||||||
| Single | 1.098 (0.888–1.358) | 0.390 | |||||||||
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 0.990 (0.621–1.579) | 0.967 | |||||||||
| NOS | 0.636 (0.300–1.348) | 0.238 | |||||||||
| Tumor subsites | |||||||||||
| Cardia | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| Middle | 0.864 (0.630–1.185) | 0.364 | 0.735 (0.527–1.023) | 0.068 | 0.712 (0.512–0.990) | 0.044* | 0.700 (0.503–0.974) | 0.034* | |||
| Distal | 0.943 (0.694–1.281) | 0.705 | 0.786 (0.571–1.081) | 0.139 | 0.759 (0.553–1.042) | 0.088 | 0.755 (0.550–1.038) | 0.083 | |||
| Overlapping/NOS | 1.649 (1.207–2.253) | 0.002* | 1.101 (0.790–1.535) | 0.569 | 0.944 (0.676–1.319) | 0.736 | 0.948 (0.679–1.324) | 0.753 | |||
| Differentiation | |||||||||||
| Well differentiated | Reference | ||||||||||
| Moderately differentiated | 2.045 (0.491–8.524) | 0.326 | |||||||||
| Poorly differentiated | 3.006 (0.749–12.073) | 0.121 | |||||||||
| Undifferentiated | 3.854 (0.885–16.772) | 0.072 | |||||||||
| Unknown | 2.077 (0.480–8.993) | 0.328 | |||||||||
| Histological type | |||||||||||
| Diffuse | Reference | ||||||||||
| Intestinal | 0.850 (0.690–1.049) | 0.130 | |||||||||
| Other | 0.649 (0.391–1.076) | 0.094 | |||||||||
| Tumor size | |||||||||||
| <1 cm | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| 1–2 cm | 2.170 (0.834–5.647) | 0.112 | 0.934 (0.343–2.547) | 0.894 | 1.041 (0.382–2.833) | 0.938 | 1.044 (0.383–2.844) | 0.933 | |||
| 2–3 cm | 2.631 (1.062–6.520) | 0.037* | 0.646 (0.241–1.733) | 0.386 | 0.650 (0.242–1.745) | 0.392 | 0.649 (0.241–1.746) | 0.392 | |||
| 3–4 cm | 4.822 (2.052–11.330) | <0.001* | 0.687 (0.265–1.780) | 0.440 | 0.705 (0.272–1.824) | 0.471 | 0.687 (0.265–1.780) | 0.440 | |||
| 4–5 cm | 7.529 (3.206–17.679) | <0.001* | 1.060 (0.410–2.740) | 0.905 | 1.078 (0.416–2.790) | 0.877 | 1.051 (0.405–2.727) | 0.918 | |||
| ≥5 cm | 8.387 (3.725–18.885) | <0.001* | 1.006 (0.403–2.513) | 0.989 | 1.017 (0.408–2.537) | 0.971 | 0.998 (0.399–2.494) | 0.997 | |||
| NOS | 6.196 (2.665–14.406) | <0.001* | 1.034 (0.407–2.628) | 0.943 | 1.091 (0.429–2.776) | 0.855 | 1.080 (0.424–2.751) | 0.872 | |||
| T stage | |||||||||||
| T1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| T2 | 8.598 (4.344–17.018) | <0.001* | 8.425 (3.813–18.617) | <0.001* | 9.549 (4.346–20.984) | <0.001* | 9.557 (4.345–21.021) | <0.001* | |||
| T3 | 14.762 (7.519–28.982) | <0.001* | 11.888 (5.329–26.519) | <0.001* | 13.315 (6.014–29.480) | <0.001* | 13.022 (5.873–28.872) | <0.001* | |||
| T4 | 23.486 (11.928–46.243) | <0.001* | 17.319 (7.733–38.784) | <0.001* | 20.507 (9.229–45.565) | <0.001* | 20.042 (9.005–44.609) | <0.001* | |||
| TX | 18.716 (4.040–86.711) | <0.001* | 17.495 (3.480–87.947) | 0.001* | 20.542 (4.108–102.710) | <0.001* | 20.303 (4.058–101.572) | <0.001* | |||
| AJCC N factor | |||||||||||
| N0 | Reference | Reference | Not applicable | Not applicable | |||||||
| N1-3 | 3.942 (2.942–5.281) | <0.001* | 1.766 (1.274–2.449) | 0.001* | |||||||
| LNR | Not applicable | Not applicable | |||||||||
| L-LNR | Reference | Reference | |||||||||
| H-LNR | 3.350 (2.744–4.088) | <0.001* | 1.886 (1.518–2.342) | <0.001* | |||||||
| LODDS | Not applicable | Not applicable | |||||||||
| L-LODDS | Reference | Reference | |||||||||
| H-LODDS | 3.472 (2.841–4.243) | <0.001* | 1.939 (1.559–2.410) | <0.001* | |||||||
| M stage | |||||||||||
| M0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| M1 | 3.929 (3.177–4.860) | <0.001* | 2.681 (2.144–3.351) | <0.001* | 2.477 (1.973–3.111) | <0.001* | 2.485 (1.979–3.119) | <0.001* | |||
| Chemotherapy | |||||||||||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||||
| No/unknown | 0.666 (0.522–0.850) | 0.001* | 1.684 (1.303–2.178) | <0.001* | 1.598 (1.236–2.065) | <0.001* | 1.587 (1.227–2.051) | <0.001* | |||
| Radiotherapy | |||||||||||
| Yes | Reference | ||||||||||
| No/unknown | 1.105 (0.905–1.348) | 0.328 | |||||||||
LNR, lymph node ratio; LODDS, the log odds of positive lymph nodes; NOS, not otherwise specified; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval. *, indicate significant P values. †, Others, American Indian/AK Native, Asian/Pacific Islander. ‡, Adjustment for the following variables: race, tumor subsites, tumor size, T stage, N stage, M stage, and chemotherapy. §, Adjustment for the following variables: race, tumor subsites, tumor size, T stage, LNR, M stage, and chemotherapy. ¶, Adjustment for the following variables: race, tumor subsites, tumor size, T stage, LODDS, M stage, and chemotherapy.