Table 2. miRNA SNPs in DR.

Disorder	miRNA	SNP	Species	Targets	Action	Reference
DR, DME	miR-146a	rs2910164	Human	attenuates the activity of NF-kappa B	Protection T2DM, T1DM	(28)
DR	miR-126	rs4636297	Human	suppresses the inhibitors of the VEGF pathway PI3K2, and the Sprouty-related protein SPRED1	Risk factor	(29)
DR	miR449b	rs10061133	Human, mice retina,	G>A predicted to alter a Dicer cleavage site; regulates EF2 angiogenesis pathway	Allele “G” confers protection from DR in T1DM	(30)
DR	miR-155	rs767649	human	Inflammation, plasma, retina, controls both the innate and adaptive immune systems	Protection T1DM	(31)

DR, diabetic retinopathy; DME, diabetic macula edema; miR, microRNA; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; rs, reference SNP cluster ID; NF-kappa B, nuclear factor kappa B; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; PI3K2, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase 2; SPRED1, Sprouty-related EVH1 Domain Containing 1; Dicer, endoribonuclease Dicer or helicase with RNase motif; EF2, eukaryotic elongation factor 2; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus.