Table 2.

Treatment, Pathologic and Operative Characteristics associated with Post-Hepatectomy Liver Failure after Minor Hepatectomy

	Total, n (%)	PHLF, n (%)	No PHLF, n (%)	P value
Overall	7029	187 (2.7)	6842 (97.3)
Wound Class				0.239
Clean, n (%)	1117 (15.9)	23 (2.1)	1094 (97.9)
Clean-Contaminated, n (%)	5455 (77.6)	148 (2.7)	5307 (97.3)
Contaminated/Dirty, n (%)	457 (6.5)	16 (3.5)	441 (96.5)
Surgical Pathology				< 0.001
Benign, n (%)	1964 (27.9)	19 (1.0)	1945 (99.0)
Primary Hepatobiliary, n (%)	2201 (31.3)	120 (5.5)	2081 (94.6)
Secondary/Unknown, n (%)	2864 (40.8)	48 (1.7)	2816 (98.3)
Liver Texture				< 0.001
Normal/Not documented, n (%)	5320 (75.7)	97 (1.8)	1619 (94.7)
Cirrhotic/Congested/Fatty/Fibrotic, n (%)	1709 (24.3)	90 (5.3)	5223 (98.2)
Number of tumors, median (IQR)	1 (1 - 2)	1 (1 - 1)	1 (1 - 2)	< 0.001
Operative Time (min), mean (SD)	207.1 (107.1)	262.5 (121.9)	205.6 (106.4)	< 0.001
Surgical Approach				< 0.001
Minimally Invasive, n (%)	2101 (29.9)	25 (1.2)	2076 (98.8)
Open/Other, n (%)	4928 (70.1)	162 (3.3)	4766 (96.7)
Procedure Type				0.111
Partial Lobectomy, n (%)	6047 (86.0)	149 (2.5)	5898 (97.5)
Left hemi-hepatectomy, n (%)	982 (14.0)	38 (3.9)	944 (96.1)
Concurrent colorectal resection				0.521
Yes, n (%)	415 (5.9)	9 (2.2)	406 (97.8)
No, n (%)	6614 (94.1)	178 (2.7)	6436 (97.3)
Concurrent ablation, n (%)				0.379
Yes	669 (9.5)	14 (2.1)	655 (97.9)
No	6360 (90.5)	173 (2.7)	6187 (97.3)
Pringle Maneuver, n (%)				< 0.001
Yes	1291 (18.4)	59 (4.6)	1232 (95.4)
No	5738 (81.6)	128 (2.2)	5610 (97.8)
Biliary Reconstruction, n (%)				< 0.001
Yes	274 (3.9)	21 (7.7)	253 (92.3)
No	6755 (96.1)	166 (2.5)	6589 (97.5)
Surgical Drain, n (%)				< 0.001
Yes	2866 (40.8)	113 (3.9)	2753 (96.1)
No	4163 (59.2)	74 (1.8)	4089 (98.2)

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range