Table 1. Maternal and infant characteristics according to very-early-onset eczema in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 2018–2019.
| Characteristics | With very-early-onset eczema (n=1,247) | Without very-early-onset eczema (n=8,838) | P-value |
| Abbreviations: BMI=body mass index; SD=standard deviation.
* Statistically significant. | |||
| Maternal age, years, mean±SD | 30.5±3.8 | 30.6±4.0 | 0.30 |
| Maternal monthly income, CNY, n (%) | 0.22 | ||
| ≤1,500 | 91(8.1) | 685(8.4) | |
| 1,501–4,500 | 130(11.6) | 1,115(13.6) | |
| 4,501–9,000 | 454(40.5) | 3,305(40.4) | |
| ≥9,001 | 447(39.8) | 3,078(37.6) | |
| Maternal education level, n (%) | 0.08 | ||
| Middle school or below | 78(6.3) | 721(8.2) | |
| College | 283(22.7) | 2,017(22.8) | |
| Undergraduate | 673(54.0) | 4,724(53.5) | |
| Postgraduate or above | 213(17.1) | 1,376(15.6) | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2, n (%) | 0.65 | ||
| <18.5 | 241(20.9) | 1,645(19.9) | |
| 18.5–23.9 | 783(68.0) | 5,631(68.2) | |
| 24.0–27.9 | 110(9.6) | 828(10.0) | |
| ≥28.0 | 17(1.5) | 155(1.9) | |
| Tobacco exposure during early pregnancy, n (%) | 323(27.1) | 2,309(26.8) | 0.85 |
| Drinking during early pregnancy, n (%) | 63(5.3) | 436(5.1) | 0.75 |
| Maternal history of allergy, n (%) | |||
| Eczema | 81(6.8) | 517(6.0) | 0.31 |
| Rhinitis | 195(16.3) | 1,329(15.4) | 0.45 |
| Asthma | 9(0.8) | 40(0.5) | 0.19 |
| Pets during pregnancy, n (%) | 171(14.2) | 1,144(13.3) | 0.35 |
| Cesarean section, n (%) | 336(27.0) | 2,485(28.2) | 0.37 |
| Primipara, n (%)* | 814(65.3) | 5,243(59.3) | <0.01 |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 211(17.0) | 1,477(16.8) | 0.88 |
| Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, n (%) | 61(4.9) | 401(4.6) | 0.59 |
| Gestational age, weeks, mean±SD | 39.3±1.2 | 39.2±1.4 | 0.11 |
| Male child, n (%) | 672(53.9) | 4,603(52.1) | 0.25 |