Table 2. Prevalence of WMSDs in key industries or occupational groups in China, 2018–2020.
| Industry | Number (n) | Any body part | Neck | Shoulders | Upper back | Lower back | Elbows | Wrists/Hands | Hips/Thighs | Knees | Ankles/Feet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| n | pi | p' | n | pi | p' | n | pi | p' | n | pi | p' | n | pi | p' | n | pi | p' | n | pi | p' | n | pi | p' | n | pi | p' | n | pi | p' | |||||||||||
| Note: Pi: Actual prevalence rate, P’: Standardized prevalence rate.
Abbreviation: WMSDs=work-related musculoskeletal disorders. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 57,501 | 23,669 | 41.2 | 40.9 | 14,487 | 25.2 | 24.8 | 12,066 | 21.0 | 20.8 | 8,399 | 14.6 | 14.2 | 9,449 | 16.4 | 16.8 | 4,169 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 7,553 | 13.1 | 12.9 | 6,065 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 6,184 | 10.8 | 11.0 | 8,002 | 13.9 | 12.8 | |||||||||
| Automobile manufacturing | 21,560 | 8,969 | 41.6 | 43.5 | 5,047 | 23.4 | 25.2 | 4,214 | 19.5 | 20.6 | 3,148 | 14.6 | 15.3 | 3,460 | 16.0 | 18.1 | 1,571 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 3,210 | 14.9 | 14.0 | 2,219 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 2,584 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 3,883 | 18.0 | 16.8 | |||||||||
| Electronic equipment manufacturing | 8,116 | 3,158 | 38.9 | 40.4 | 2,060 | 25.4 | 25.2 | 1,758 | 21.7 | 22.4 | 1,156 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 1,129 | 13.9 | 13.9 | 515 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 889 | 11.0 | 10.9 | 701 | 8.6 | 8.4 | 572 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 800 | 9.9 | 10.9 | |||||||||
| Footwear industry | 7,106 | 2,616 | 36.8 | 34.2 | 1,701 | 23.9 | 21.6 | 1,368 | 19.3 | 17.9 | 846 | 11.9 | 11.5 | 943 | 13.3 | 12.4 | 507 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 1,058 | 14.9 | 14.4 | 603 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 524 | 7.4 | 7.0 | 595 | 8.4 | 8.2 | |||||||||
| Medical staff | 6,766 | 3,794 | 56.1 | 54.2 | 2,749 | 40.6 | 39.7 | 2,224 | 32.9 | 32.5 | 1,490 | 22.0 | 21.9 | 1,712 | 25.3 | 24.5 | 462 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 782 | 11.6 | 12.1 | 1,126 | 16.6 | 16.2 | 922 | 13.6 | 14.0 | 1,072 | 15.8 | 15.0 | |||||||||
| Furniture manufacturing | 4,471 | 1,320 | 29.5 | 28.5 | 701 | 15.7 | 15.0 | 623 | 13.9 | 13.7 | 481 | 10.8 | 10.6 | 459 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 410 | 9.2 | 9.0 | 556 | 12.4 | 12.1 | 429 | 9.6 | 9.6 | 418 | 9.3 | 9.6 | 612 | 13.7 | 12.9 | |||||||||
| Shipbuilding and related equipment manufacturing | 3,488 | 1,432 | 41.1 | 40.1 | 787 | 22.6 | 21.6 | 672 | 19.3 | 18.8 | 491 | 14.1 | 13.5 | 658 | 18.9 | 18.4 | 326 | 9.3 | 8.9 | 452 | 13.0 | 12.3 | 418 | 12.0 | 11.7 | 488 | 14.0 | 13.0 | 413 | 11.8 | 11.5 | |||||||||
| Coal mining and cleaning industry | 1,500 | 586 | 39.1 | 38.4 | 362 | 24.1 | 23.7 | 311 | 20.7 | 20.2 | 223 | 14.9 | 13.0 | 259 | 17.3 | 15.6 | 133 | 8.9 | 7.6 | 168 | 11.2 | 10.2 | 188 | 12.5 | 11.6 | 244 | 16.3 | 15.0 | 200 | 13.3 | 0.1 | |||||||||
| Construction industry | 1,379 | 332 | 24.1 | 23.4 | 134 | 9.7 | 9.5 | 147 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 102 | 7.4 | 7.1 | 165 | 12.0 | 11.6 | 55 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 89 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 63 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 50 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 63 | 4.6 | 4.5 | |||||||||
| Flight attendants | 1,356 | 696 | 51.3 | 55.7 | 504 | 37.2 | 38.2 | 387 | 28.5 | 33.7 | 203 | 15.0 | 20.1 | 275 | 20.3 | 88.4 | 52 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 98 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 121 | 8.9 | 10.0 | 143 | 10.5 | 11.7 | 156 | 11.5 | 11.2 | |||||||||
| 4S automobile store11 | 544 | 177 | 32.5 | 38.6 | 88 | 16.2 | 23.1 | 78 | 14.3 | 16.8 | 70 | 12.9 | 15.4 | 92 | 16.9 | 23.2 | 27 | 5.0 | 8.5 | 50 | 9.2 | 14.5 | 47 | 8.6 | 12.3 | 50 | 9.2 | 15.2 | 61 | 11.2 | 16.2 | |||||||||
| Toy manufacturing | 333 | 167 | 50.2 | 49.0 | 119 | 35.7 | 34.2 | 116 | 34.8 | 31.6 | 84 | 25.2 | 24.2 | 91 | 27.3 | 25.3 | 71 | 21.3 | 20.1 | 97 | 29.1 | 28.3 | 55 | 16.5 | 14.9 | 63 | 18.9 | 18.9 | 64 | 19.2 | 19.4 | |||||||||
| Animal husbandry | 246 | 96 | 39.0 | 39.7 | 62 | 25.2 | 27.3 | 41 | 16.7 | 17.7 | 20 | 8.1 | 8.6 | 64 | 26.0 | 27.1 | 19 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 47 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 23 | 9.3 | 10.1 | 35 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 15 | 6.1 | 6.3 | |||||||||
| Biopharmaceutical manufacturing | 243 | 157 | 64.6 | 48.4 | 110 | 45.3 | 34.1 | 77 | 31.7 | 24.7 | 65 | 26.7 | 20.9 | 53 | 21.8 | 17.7 | 13 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 34 | 14.0 | 88.4 | 36 | 14.8 | 11.3 | 29 | 11.9 | 9.2 | 52 | 21.4 | 18.0 | |||||||||
| Vegetable greenhouse | 243 | 147 | 60.5 | 50.7 | 51 | 21.0 | 18.7 | 43 | 17.7 | 15.0 | 16 | 6.6 | 4.5 | 79 | 32.5 | 27.1 | 5 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 16 | 6.6 | 4.2 | 30 | 12.3 | 10.3 | 57 | 23.5 | 16.6 | 13 | 5.3 | 3.7 | |||||||||
| Petrochemical industry | 150 | 22 | 14.7 | 11.5 | 12 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 7 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 4 | 2.7 | 1.6 | 10 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 3 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 7 | 4.7 | 2.7 | 6 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5 | 3.3 | 1.9 | 3 | 2.0 | 1.4 | |||||||||
| Chi-square test | 1,336.7 | 1,525.7 | 992.4 | 550.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pvalue | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||