Table 2.
Effects of weight loss on cardiac function and morphology in human subjects
| Authors (Year) (Ref. No.) | Sample Size | Intervention and Follow-Ip | Baseline BMI | BMI after Weight Loss | Cardiac Function after Weight Loss | Cardiac Structure after Weight Loss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naylor et al. (2008) (594) | 23 | Resistance training, 8 wk | 32.5 ± 1.9 | 30.2 ± 2.6 | Improved early diastolic myocardial velocities | No change in LV geometry |
| Amaro-Gahete et al. (2021) (595) | 12 | Physical exercise training, 12 wk | 32.1 ± 3.6 | 31.4 ± 2.7 | Increased LV end diastolic diameter | Not assessed |
| Serrano-Ferrer et al. (2014) (596) | 39 | Lifestyle intervention (diet and exercise), 3 mo | 31.9 ± 3.5 | 28.8 ± 3.2 | Improved RV global longitudinal strain and early diastolic strain rate; No change in TDI indices | Not assessed |
| Haufe et al. (2012) (597) | 170 | Hypocaloric diets, 6 mo | 32.9 ± 4.4 | 30.4 ± 4.3 (reduced carbohydrate), 30.6 ± 3.9 (reduced fat) | No change in LV function | Lower LV mass |
| Viljanen et al. (2009) (598) | 34 | Hypocaloric diet, 6 wk | 33.7 ± 0.7 | 29.9 ± 0.7 | Improved cardiac output, decreased blood pressure | Lower LV mass |
| Karimian et al. (2017) (599) | 32 | Hypocaloric diet, 6 wk | 40.3 ± 6.6 | 33.2 ± 6.1 | Reduced blood pressure and partially normalized diastolic dysfunction | Not assessed |
| Varli et al. (2010) (600) | 13 | Hypocaloric diet plus orlistat, 6 mo | 39.9 ± 4.3 | 36.1 ± 4.6 | Improved LV diastolic function | Lower LV mass |
| Gulsin et al. (2020) (601) | 87 | Hypocaloric diet or aerobic training, 12 wk | 36.6 ± 5.5 | 34.5 (routine care), 33.0 (exercise), 30.3 (low-energy diet) | No change in LV diastolic function | Less concentric LV remodeling and aortic stiffness |
| Andersson et al. (2016) (602) | 68 | Dietary intervention, 2 yr | 32.6 ± 0.6 | 31.0 (Nordic nutrition recommend diet), 29.4 (Paleolithic-type diet) | Improved cardiac function | Lower LV mass |
| de las Fuentes et al. (2009) (603) | 60 | Dietary intervention, 2 yr | 37 ± 3 | 4.1 ± 8.8 kg loss in weight | No change in LV diastolic and systolic function | Lower LV mass |
| Leung et al. (2016) (604) | 8 | Bariatric surgery, 9 mo | 44 ± 9 | 35 ± 6 | Improved LV global longitudinal strain and LV EF | Not assessed |
| Giudici et al. (2020) (215) | 26 | Bariatric surgery, 8 mo | 47.9 ± 7.1 | 33.4 ± 6.9 | Reduced carotid arterial stiffness and improved LV diastolic function | No change in LV geometry or mass |
| Kaier et al. (2014) (605) | 52 | Bariatric surgery, 6 mo | 42.4 ± 4.6 | 31.5 ± 2.6 | Improved RV and LV global strain, EF | Lower LV mass |
| Garza et al. (2010) (606) | 57 | Bariatric surgery, 3.6 yr | 49 ± 9 | 35 ± 8 | No change in LV function, RV function or EF | Reduced cardiac remodeling |
| Ikonomidis et al. (2007) (607) | 60 | Bariatric surgery, 3 yr | 48.7 ± 7.8 | 23 ± 1 | Improved LV diastolic and aortic function | Reduced LV hypertrophy |
| Hsuan et al. (2010) (608) | 66 | Bariatric surgery, 3 mo | 43.3 ± 6.3 | 34.1 ± 5.6 | Improved peak systolic mitral annular velocity and diastolic indices | Lower LV size, relative wall thickness, LV mass index; no change in chamber size |
| Algahim et al. (2010) (609) | 15 | Bariatric surgery, 2 yr | 46.7 ± 1.7 | 32.4 | Not assessed | Decreased LV mass |
| Owen et al. (2011) (300) | 423 | Bariatric surgery, 2 yr | 47.9 ± 7.0 | 32.2 ± 7.8 | Improved LV and RV function | Decreased cardiac remodeling |
| Jhaveri et al. (2009) (610) | 17 | Bariatric surgery, 17 mo | 44.1 ± 4.2 | 29.9 ± 4.7 | No change in LVEDV, RVEDV, or EF | Decreased LV and RV mass |
| Lin et al. (2011) (611) | 30 | Bariatric surgery, 16 mo; Diet, 8 mo | 39 ± 6 | 36 ± 7 (diet), 29 ± 5 (bariatric surgery) | Improved LV diastolic function | Lower LV mass |
| Valezi and Machado (2011) (612) | 43 | Bariatric surgery, 1 yr | 41.8 ± 4.4 | 28.4 ± 3.8 | Increased EF, improved diastolic function | Lower LV mass, interventricular septum, posterior wall thickness |
| Luaces et al. (2012) (613) | 41 | Bariatric surgery, 1 yr | 47.41 | 30.43 | Decreased early mitral velocity, increased mitral inflow E/A ratio | Decreased cardiac remodeling |
| Rider et al. (2009) (614) | 30 | Bariatric surgery or diet, 1 yr | 39.7 ± 7.6 | 32.2 ± 5.3 | Improved LV diastolic function | Decreased LV and RV mass |
| Alpert et al. (2015) (615) | 67 | After bariatric surgery | 46.3 ± 5.2 | 34.5 ± 5.7 | Reduced QT interval | Decreased LV mass normalized to height |
E/a ratio, early-to-atrial wave ratio; EF, ejection fraction; LV, left ventricle; LVEDV/RVEDV, left/right ventricular end-diastolic volume; RV, right ventricle; TDI, Tissue doppler imaging.