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. 2021 Sep 7;28(40):55925–55951. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16280-5

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.

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Fig. 2 — Possible mechanism of actions of various plants/phytoconstituents against CoV Withaferin A, Clitoria ternatea, xanthones and phyllaemblicin G7 act through ACE2; phyllaemblicin G7 inhibited TMPRSS2 and Vitex trifolia inhibited proinflammatory cytokines (created with BioRender.com)