Table 1.
Potential targets and Rasayana herbs along with their phytoconstituents evaluated through various in silico studies
| Potential target | Phytoconstituents | Herbs | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3 CL protease | Vasicine | Adhatoda vasica Nees. (Vasa) | Thangaraju et al. (2021) |
| Various phytoconstituents | Terminalia chebula Retz. (Haritaki) | Upadhyay et al. (2020) | |
| Curcumin | Curcuma longa L. (Haridra) | Vajragupta et al. (2005) | |
| Berberine | Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers. (Guduchi) | Chowdhury (2020); Shree et al. (2020) | |
| Withanolide I | Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) | Khanal et al. (2021) | |
| Pl pro | Withanolide G | Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) | Khanal et al. (2021) |
| Inhibiting the enzyme activity of TMPRSS2 | Phyllaemblicin G7 | Phyllanthus emblica L. (Aamlaki) | Ilona et al. (2011) |
| High binding affinity to ACE2 protein and main protease (MPro) | Phyllaemblicin G7 | Phyllanthus emblica L. (Aamlaki) | Kothandan et al. (2021) |
| Piperolactam A | Piper longum L. (Pippali) | Kothandan et al. (2021) | |
| Anisotine | Adhatoda vasica Nees. (Vasa) | Ghosh et al. (2021) | |
| Embelin | Embelia ribes Burm. (Vidang) | Caruso et al. (2020) | |
| Withaferin A | Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) | Straughn and Kakar (2020) | |
| Cordioside and other constituents | Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers. (Guduchi) | Jena et al. (2021) | |
| Glycyrrhizin | Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Yastimadhu) | Muhseen et al. (2021) | |
| Mpro | Boeravisterol | Boerhavia diffusa L (Punarnava) | Rutwick Surya and Praveen (2021) |
| Embelin | Embelia ribes Burm. (Vidang) | Caruso et al. (2020) | |
| Various phytoconstituents | Tinospora cordifolia (Thunb.) Miers. (Guduchi) | Shree et al. (2020) | |
| Nsp 15 endoribonuclease | Glyasperin | Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Yashtimadhu) | Muhseen et al. (2020) |
| Asparoside-D | Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Shatavari) | Chikhale et al. (2020) | |
| ACE2–RBD interface |
Withanone Withanolide A Glyasperin |
Withania somnifera L. Dunal (Ashwagandha) | Balkrishna et al. (2020b); Muhseen et al. (2020) |
| Glycyrrhyzin | Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Yashtimadhu) | Muhseen et al. (2020) | |
| RBD complex | Glycyrrhizinate complex | Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Yashtimadhu) | Kalhor et al. (2020) |
| Spike protein | Phyllaemblicin G7 | Phyllanthus emblica L. (Aamlaki) | Ilona et al. (2011) |
| Racemoside A, racemoside C, asparoside-C, asparoside-F | Asparagus racemosus Willd. (Shatavari) | Chikhale et al. (2020); Patel et al. (2021) | |
| Glycyrrhizic acid | Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Yashtimadhu) | Sinha et al. (2020) | |
| Withaferin | Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) | Straughn and Kakar (2020) | |
| Withanolide M | Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) | Khanal et al. (2021) | |
| Helicase inhibitors |
Phyllaemblicin B Phyllaemblinol |
Phyllanthus emblica L. (Aamlaki) | Ilona et al. (2011) |