Table 1.
Stem biomarkers shown to be present in antler stem cells
| Marker |
APC
|
PPC
|
RMC
|
Ref. | |||
|
Protein
|
mRNA
|
Protein
|
mRNA
|
Protein
|
mRNA
|
||
| Oct4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | [7,27,30] | ||
| Nanog | Y | [30] | |||||
| Sox2 | Y | Y | Y | [30,31] | |||
| CD73 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | [29] |
| CD90 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | [29] |
| CD105 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | [29] |
| Stro-1 | Y | Y | Y | [25,29] | |||
| Nestin | Y | Y | Y | [29] | |||
| CD9 | Y | Y | Y | Y | [7,29,30,32,33] | ||
| CD29 | Y | Y | Y | [29] | |||
| CD44 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | [29] |
| CD146 | Y | Y | Y | [29] | |||
| Nucleostemin | Y | [7] | |||||
| Telomerase | Y | [7] | |||||
| Klf4 | Y | [30] | |||||
| C-myc | Y | Y | Y | Y | [29,30] | ||
| Statt3 | Y | [30] | |||||
| Tert | Y | Y | Y | [29] | |||
| S100A4 | Y | Y | Y | [29,31] | |||
| CD63 | Y | [32] | |||||
| Calnexin | Y | [32] | |||||
| Nanog | Y | Y | [31] | ||||
APC: Antlerogenic periosteum cells; PPC: Pedicle periosteum cells; RMC: Reserve mesenchyme cells.