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. 2021 Aug 24;12:725748. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.725748

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Copyright © 2021 Krieger, Zwart, Mehta, Wu, Simpson, Smith and Crucian

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Concentrations of salivary (A) GM-CSF, (B) IL-7, (C) IL-1β, (D) IL-6, (E) IL-8, (F) IL-12p70, (G) IL-13, (H) TNFα, (I) IFNγ, (J) IL-4, (K) IL-5, and (L) IL-10 before, during and after spaceflight. Data are presented in mean± SD. Saliva was collected from crewmembers on 5 consecutive days at the indicated timepoints. Means were determined by grouping preflight, in-flight and postflight data. Significance was evaluated via a Student’s t test by comparing all other data points to L-180 baseline data. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) are indicated (*).