TABLE 3.

Characteristic and COVID-19–Related Data Among COVID-19–Related GBS Cases

References	Age (y)	Sex	Medical History/Comorbidities	COVID-19 Symptoms	COVID-19 Dx Method	COVID-19 Management	ICU Required	Ventilation Required	Time
Alberti et al17	71	M	HTNAAA (T)Lung cancer (T)	FeverDyspnea	RT-PCRNP swab	Lopinavir/ritonavirHydroxychloroquine	Yes	Yes	<24 h
Camdessanche et al18	64	M	Rotator cuff tear at admission	FeverCough	RT-PCRNP swab	ParacetamolLopinavir/ritonavir	Yes	Yes	12 d
El Otmani et al19	70	F	RA	Cough	RT-PCROP swab	HydroxychloroquineAzithromycin	No	No	NA
Juliao et al25	61	M	NR	FeverCough	RT-PCRNP swab	Lopinavir/ritonavirHydroxychloroquine	No	No	NA
Marta-Enguita et al26	76	F	None	FeverCough	RT-PCRSite NR	Amoxicillin/clavulanateAzithromycin	Yes	Yes	4 h
Ottaviani et al15	66	F	HTN	FeverCoughDorsal rash	RT-PCRNP swab	Lopinavir/ritonavirHydroxychloroquine	Yes	Yes	NR
Padroni et al16	70	F	NR	FeverCough	RT-PCRNP swab	Supportive	Yes	Yes	4 d
Scheidl et al4	54	F	None	HypogeusiaHyposmia	RT-PCROP swab	None	No	No	NA
Sedaghat and Karimi14	65	M	DM2	FeverCoughDyspnea	RT-PCROP swab	Lopinavir/ritonavirHydroxychloroquineAzithromycin	No	No	NA
Zhao et al27	61	F	NR	FeverCough	RT-PCROP swab	UmifenovirLopinavir/ritonavir	No	No	NA
Toscano et al28	77	F	NR	FeverCoughAgeusia	RT-PCRNP swab	Acetaminophen	Yes	Yes	NR
Toscano et al28	23	M	NR	FeverPharyngitis	RT-PCRNP swab	Amoxicillin	No	No	NA
Toscano et al28	55	M	NR	FeverCough	RT-PCRNP swab	Azithromycin	Yes	Yes	2d
Toscano et al28	76	M	NR	CoughHyposmia	RT-PCRNP swab	NR	No	No	NA
Toscano et al28	61	M	NR	CoughAgeusiaAnosmia	Serum IgG	NA	Yes	Yes	5 d
Gigli et al23	53	M	NR	FeverDiarrhea	IgM/IgGSerum and CSF	NR	NR	NR	NR
Galan et al29	43	M	NR	URTIDiarrhea	RT-PCRSite NR	Lopinavir/ritonavirHydroxychloroquineAmoxicillinCorticosteroids	No	No	NA
Virani et al20	54	M	Clostridium difficile colitis	FeverCoughDyspnea	RT-PCRNP swab	AmoxicillinCorticosteroidsHydroxychloroquine	Yes	Yes	NR
Coen et al30	70	M	None	CoughFatigueMyalgia	RT-PCRNP swab	NR	No	No	NA
Rana et al31	54	M	Clostridium difficile colitisHLDRLS	FeverRhinorrheaOdynophagia	RT-PCRSite NR	AmoxicillinCorticosteroidsHydroxychloroquineAzithromycin	Yes	Yes	<24 h
Arnaud et al32	64	M	NR	CoughDyspneaDiarrheaFever	RT-PCRNP swab	CefotaximeAzithromycinHydroxychloroquine	No	No	NA
Chan et al33	58	M	None	None	RT-PCROP swab	CeftriaxoneAzithromycin	No	No	NA
Molina et al34	55	F	Dyslipidemia, active smoking	FeverNonproductive coughDyspnea	RT-PCRNP swab	HydroxychloroquineCeftriaxoneAzithromycin	Yes	No	2 d
Farzi et al35	41	M	DM2	CoughDyspneaFever	RT-PCRNP swab	Lopinavir/RitonavirHydroxychloroquine	No	No	NA
Helbok et al36	68	M	None	Dry coughHeadacheFatigueMyalgiaFeverAnosmiaAgeusia	Antibody testing	Oral methylprednisoloneC-reactive proteinElevated erythrocyte sedimentationPlasma exchange	Yes	Yes	36 h
Hutchins et al37	21	M	HTN, prediabetes, class I obesity	FeverCoughDyspneaDiarrheaNauseaHeadacheSinonasal congestion	RT-PCRNP/OP swab	Plasma exchange	No	No	NA
Lantos et al38	36	M	left eye strabismus (asymptomatic for 30 y)	FeverChillsMyalgia	RT-PCRNP swab	Hydroxychloroquine	No	No	NA
Lascano et al39	52	F	None	Dry coughFeverOdynophagiaArthralgiaDiarrhea	IgM/IgG, followed by RT-PCRNP swab	None	No	Yes	NA
Lascano et al39	63	F	DM2	Dry coughShiveringOdynophagiaBreathing difficultiesChest pain	RT-PCRNP swab	None	No	No	NA
Lascano et al39	61	F	None	Productive coughFeverMyalgiaVasovagal syncopeDiarrheaNauseaVomiting	RT-PCRNP swab	None	No	No	NA
Reyes-Bueno et al40	51	F	None	DiarrheaOdynophagiaCough	IgG	Gabapentin	No	No	NA
Su et al41	72	M	Coronary artery disease, HTN, alcohol abuse	Mild diarrheaAnorexiaChills	RT-PCRNP swab	Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim	Yes	Yes	3 d
Webb et al42	57	M	HTN and psoriasis	CoughHeadacheMyalgiaMalaiseFeverDiarrhea	RT-PCRNP swab	Co-amoxiclav	Yes	Yes	3 d
Bigaut et al43	48	M	NR	CoughAstheniaMyalgia in legsAnosmiaAgeusiaDiarrhea	RT-PCRNP swab	None	No	No	NA
Bigaut et al43	70	F	NR	AnosmiaAgeusiaDiarrheaAstheniaMyalgia	RT-PCRNP swab	None	Yes	Yes	3 d
Assini et al44	55	M	NR	AnosmiaAgeusiaFeverCough	RT-PCROP swab	IdrossichlorochineArbidolRitonavirLopinavir	Yes	Yes	3 d
Assini et al44	60	M	NR	FeverCough	RT-PCRNP swab	HydroxychloroquineAntiretroviral therapyTocilizumab	No	Yes	NA
Bracaglia et al45	66	F	None	None	RT-PCRNP swab	RitonavirDarunavirHydroxychloroquine	No	No	NA
Ebrahimzadeh et al46	46	M	NR	FeverSore throatDry coughDyspnea	RT-PCRNP swab	Hydroxychloroquine	No	No	NA
Ebrahimzadeh et al46	65	M	NR	NR	RT-PCRNP swab	NR	No	No	NA
Chan et al47	68	M	NR	FeverUpperrespiratory symptoms	RT-PCRNP swab	Plasmapheresis	No	No	NA
Chan et al47	84	M	NR	Fever	RT-PCRNP swab	Plasmapheresis	No	Yes	NA
Sancho-Saldaña et al48	56	F	NR	FeverDry coughShortness of breath	RT-PCRNP swab	NR	Yes	No	5 d
Kilinc et al49	50	M	None	Dry cough	Fecal PCR, serumIgM, IgG	None	No	No	NA
Oguz-Akarsu50	53	F	None	Fever	RT-PCRNP swab	HydroxychloroquineAzithromycin	No	No	NA
Pfefferkorn et al51	51	M	NR	FeverFlu-like symptomsFatigueDry cough	RT-PCRNP swab	Plasma exchange	No	Yes	NA
Hirayama et al52	54	F	Asthma	CoughFever	RT-PCROP swab	Betamethasone	No	No	NA
Korem et al53	58	F	Cervical spondylosis and disk herniation	FeverCoughBack pain	NR	Azithromycin	No	No	NA
Tiet and AlShaikh54	49	M	Sinusitis	DyspneaHeadacheCough	RT-PCROP swab	None	Yes	No	NR
Defabio et al55	70	F	Reflex sympathetic dystrophyFibromyalgiaGERDHiatal herniaAsthma	FeverDyspneaCough	NR	NR	No	No	NA
Curtis et al56	8	M	None	DyspneaCough	NR	None	Yes	Yes	NR
Gale et al57	58	M	HTNHypercholesterolemiaMyocardial infarction	Coryzal symptoms	RT-PCRTracheal aspirate	Dexamethasone	Yes	Yes	2
Ameer et al58	30s	M	None	FeverCough	RT-PCRNP, OP swabs	None	No	No	NA
Manganotti et al59	72	M	NR	FeverDyspneaHyposmiaAgeusia	RT-PCRNP swab	HydroxychloroquineOseltamivirDarunavirMethylprednisoloneTocilizumab	Yes	Yes	NR
Manganotti et al59	72	M	NR	FeverCough DyspneaHyposmiaAgeusia	RT-PCRNP swab	HydroxychloroquineLopinavir-ritonavirMethylprednisolone	Yes	Yes	NR
Manganotti et al59	49	F	NR	FeverCough DyspneaHyposmiaAgeusia	RT-PCRNP swab	HydroxychloroquineLopinavir-ritonavirMethylprednisolone	NR	No	NR
Manganotti et al59	94	M	NR	FeverCoughGI symptoms	RT-PCRNP swab	Methylprednisolone	NR	No	NR
Manganotti et al59	76	M	NR	FeverCoughDysuriaHyposmiaAgeusia	RT-PCRNP swab	HydroxychloroquineOseltamivirDarunavirMethylprednisoloneTocilizumabMeropenamLinezolidClarithromycin, doxycyclineFluconazole	Yes	Yes	NR
McDonnell et al60	54	M	DM2Herniated nucleus pulposus at C6-C7, L2-L3, L3-L4, L4-L5 with disk bulges	FeverAgeusia	NP swab RT-PCR	Hydroxychloroquine 400 mg for 4 d	Yes	No	0
Diez-Porras et al61	54	M	HTNObesity	Febrile syndromeCoughMyalgia	RT-PCRNP swab	Azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir	Yes	Yes	NR
Manji et al62	12	M	NR	FeverCoughRespiratory distressHypoxiaTachycardia	RT-PCRNP swab	Empiric antibiotic coverage and other treatment modalities as required	Yes	Yes	NR
Bueso et al63	60	F	Migraines	FeverCoughMyalgiaDysgeusiaDyspnea	RT-PCRNP swab	AzithromycinHydroxychloroquine	No	No	N/A
Zito et al64	57	M	NR	DysgeusiaCoughFever	Positive serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG	NR	No	No	NA
Garnero et al65	65	M	NR	Pneumonia	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Garnero et al65	73	M	NR	Pneumonia	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Garnero et al65	55	M	NR	Pneumonia	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Garnero et al65	46	F	NR	Diarrhea	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Garnero et al65	60	M	NR	Pneumonia	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Garnero et al65	63	F	NR	Pneumonia	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Lowery et al66	45	M	DyslipidemiaHTNCrohn disease on adalimumab	Sinus congestionCoughDyspnea	RT-PCRNP swab	200 mg hydroxychloroquine bid for 5 d	Yes	Yes	2
Hutchins et al37	21	M	HTNPrediabetesObesity	FeverCough DyspneaDiarrheaNausea, HeadacheSinonasal congestionDizzinessTachycardia	RT-PCRNP and OP swab	Supplemental O2	No	No	NA
Atakla et al67	41	M	NR	Influenza syndromeDigestive disorderAnosmia Ageusia	RT-PCRNP swab	Azithromycin	Yes	Yes	NR
Abrams et al68	67	F	Breast cancer (T)	CoughNausea	RT-PCRNP swab	NR	Yes	Yes	NR
Agha Abbaslou et al69	55	F	Unknown chronic lung disease	CoughFeverChillsDyspnea	RT-PCRNP swab	Hydroxychloroquine (lopinavir/ritonavir)	Yes	Yes	2
Assini et al70	60	M	NR	CoughFever	RT-PCRNP swab	HydroxychloroquineAntiretroviral therapyTocilizumab	Yes	Yes	3
Assini et al70	55	M	NR	CoughFeverAnosmiaAgeusia	RT-PCRNP swab	HydroxychloroquineUmifenovirRitonavirLopinavir	Yes	Yes	3
Chakraborty and Kumar71	75	M	NR	Dyspnea	RT-PCRNP swab	Culture-based antibiotics	Yes	Yes	<1
Garcia-manzanedo et al72	77	M	HTNHLDCOPD	NR	RT-PCRNP swab	Hydroxychloroquine lopinavir/ritonavirPiperacillin/tazobactam	Yes	Yes	NR
Liberatoret al73	49	M	HTNTesticular seminoma (T)	CoughFever	RT-PCRNP swab	HydroxychloroquineLopinavir/ritonavirCeftriaxone	Yes	Yes	4
Tard et al74	76	M	Isquemic cardiomyopathyAAAHTNHLD	CoughAsthenia	RT-PCRNP swab	NR	Yes	Yes	1
Dufour et al75	36	F	Obesity	DyspneaAnosmia	RT-PCRNP swab	Supportive	No	No	NA
Nanda et al76	55	F	DM2HTNCLT	FeverAbdominal pain	RT-PCRNP swab	NR	No	No	NA
Nanda et al76	72	M	HTN	CoughFever	RT-PCRNP swab	Supportive	Yes	Yes	NR
Nanda et al76	55	M	DM2HTNCKD	CoughSore throat	RT-PCRNP swab	NR	No	No	NA
Nanda et al76	49	M	HTN	Fever	RT-PCRNP swab	NR	No	No	NA
Raahimi et al77	46	M	HTN	NR	RT-PCRNP swab	Supportive	No	Yes	NR

AAA indicates abdominal aortic aneurysm; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CLT, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 19; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; DM2, type 2 diabetes mellitus; Dx, diagnostic; F, female; GBS, Guillain-Barré syndrome; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; GI, gastrointestinal; HLD, hyperlipidemia; HTN, hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; M, male; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NA, not applicable; NE, not evocable; NP, nasopharyngeal; NR, not reported; OP, oropharyngeal; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RLS, restless leg syndrome; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; T, treated; Time, time between hospital admission and ICU admission; URTI, upper respiratory tract infection.